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Product Name: Cetyltrichlorosilane
Chemical Formula: C16H33SiCl3
Synonyms: Hexadecyltrichlorosilane, Trichloro(hexadecyl)silane
Recommended Use: Silane coupling agent, surface modifier, laboratory chemical
Supplier: Chemical distributor or specialty chemical provider details as listed on product label
Emergency Phone: Supplier emergency line, regional poison control center
CAS Number: 3555-47-3
UN Number: 2987
Classification: Corrosive to metals, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, hazardous by inhalation
Label Elements: Danger signal word, corrosive pictograms, precautionary instructions
Hazard Statements: Contact with moisture liberates HCl vapor, inhalation or skin contact causes burns, risk of serious eye injury, respiratory tract irritation
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors and dust, wear protective gloves, ensure eye and face protection, handle under chemical fume hood
Other Hazards: Reacts with water releasing heat and hydrogen chloride; harmful if swallowed, flammable by reaction with moist air
Cetyltrichlorosilane Content: ≥97% by weight
Impurities: Possible traces of dichlorosilane and hydrochloric acid from degradation
Stabilizers/Additives: None reported for laboratory-grade material
Chemical Family: Alkylsilane, organosilicon compound
Relevant impurities which contribute to hazard: Hydrochloric acid generation due to hydrolysis
Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention for respiratory distress
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, flood skin with running water for ≥15 minutes, seek prompt medical attention
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids wide open, seek urgent ophthalmic evaluation
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly, do not induce vomiting, obtain immediate medical help
Special note: Always have emergency eyewash and safety shower accessible in workspaces using this chemical
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam; avoid water jets or full water sprays
Unsuitable Media: Do not use water directly, as reaction may release corrosive gases
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen chloride, silicon oxides, carbon oxides, volatile organic compounds
Special Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus plus full chemical-resistant protective suit
Advice for Firefighters: Remove containers from fire zone if possible; cool adjacent containers with fog or spray
Fire Hazards: Vapors heavier than air may travel long distances; may ignite at sources of ignition following hydrolysis
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel; ventilate area; do not breathe dust, vapors, or spray
Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, butyl rubber gloves, impervious apron, and respiratory protection
Environmental Precautions: Prevent chemical run-off into drains, soil, surface waters, or sewers; inform local authorities if spillage contaminates environment
Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert material such as dry sand or vermiculite; collect and transfer to container for disposal; clean surface thoroughly with sodium bicarbonate solution
Decontamination: Rinse small residual material with copious amounts of water only after bulk removal and neutralization
Handling Precautions: Work in a chemical fume hood, avoid contact with moisture, always open containers carefully, prevent inhalation and direct skin/eye exposure
Safe Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed original container, cool dry area, segregated from incompatible materials (water, acids, bases, oxidizers)
Incompatibles: Strong bases, alcohols, moisture, oxidizing agents—avoid any contact
Packaging Materials: Store only in polyethylene or glass containers with gas-tight seals
Personal Hygiene: Remove contaminated clothing and wash hands, face, and exposed skin after handling
Occupational Exposure Limits: No specific exposure limits for cetyltrichlorosilane; apply controls for hydrochloric acid vapors (OSHA PEL for HCl, 5 ppm ceiling)
Engineering Controls: Laboratory fume hood, mechanical exhaust ventilation at source
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Chemical-resistant gloves, splash-proof goggles, lab coat/coveralls, face shield when risk of splashing
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-certified respirator for acid gases if exposure limits expected to be exceeded
Environmental Protection: Vapor and waste containment systems to minimize emission into workplace/surroundings
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow oily liquid
Odor: Pungent, irritating acid-like (due to hydrolytic HCl release)
Odor Threshold: Detectable at low concentration due to HCl irritation
Boiling Point: 352 °C (estimated, decomposes before boiling under atmospheric pressure)
Melting Point: Below 0 °C
Flash Point: ≥110 °C (closed cup, estimated)
Ignition Temperature: Data not available, known to decompose exothermically
Vapor Pressure: 1 mmHg at 140 °C (approximate, varies with air humidity)
Vapor Density: Heavier than air
Solubility: Reacts exothermically with water; soluble in many organic solvents
Partition Coefficient: High log Pow due to long alkyl chain
Viscosity: Moderately viscous fluid
Decomposition Temp: Degrades with heat, moisture, and acids
Molecular Weight: 347.87 g/mol
Chemical Stability: Unstable upon contact with moisture or water; stable in dry, inert atmosphere
Reactivity: Vigorous hydrolysis; reacts with moisture, acids, strong oxidizers
Hazardous Reactions: Produces hydrogen chloride and heat when exposed to water
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, silicon oxides, flammable species
Polymerization Risk: No hazardous polymerization likely
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, humidity, open flames, incompatible chemicals, direct sunlight
Likely Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: Harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through skin; corrosive to ocular, dermal, and respiratory tissues
Symptoms: Severe skin and eye burns, respiratory tract injury, possible pulmonary edema, persistent sore throat, coughing
Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged or repeated exposure increases risk of dermatitis and chronic respiratory problems
LD50/LC50: Not determined for this compound; similar alkyl silanes suggest high toxicity on intravenous administration
Sensitization: No data available; unlikely due to corrosive action
Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity: Not classified as such based on available data
Aquatic Toxicity: Corrosive effects anticipated in aquatic environments due to HCl generation; may cause acute effects on aquatic organisms
Persistence and Degradability: Hydrolyzes on contact with water forming biodegradable long-chain alcohol and hydrochloric acid
Bioaccumulative Potential: High for cetyl group in lipid environments, low for hydrolytic fragments
Mobility in Soil: Strong adsorption potential, but toxic effects from acidic hydrolysis products
Other Adverse Effects: May impair water quality by acidification, silicone byproducts low risk beyond direct acidification threat
Disposal Methods: Incinerate in permitted chemical incinerator with afterburner and scrubber; do not put in sewer or regular waste
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse containers before disposal; puncture and dispose of as hazardous chemical waste
Special Precautions: Neutralize residues with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution in contained vessel before further treatment
Regulatory Disposal Requirements: Dispose according to local, regional, and national environmental regulations for halogenated organic waste
UN Number: 2987
UN Shipping Name: Alkyltrichlorosilanes, flammable, corrosive, n.o.s. (contains Cetyltrichlorosilane)
Transport Hazard Class: 4.3 (Dangerous when wet), 8 (Corrosive), 6.1 (Toxic, if applicable regionally)
Packaging Group: I (high danger)
Special Precautions: Keep dry during transit, ventilate cargo holds, restrict contact with acids, moisture, oxidizers
Labels Required: Corrosive, Dangerous When Wet, Environmentally Hazardous (by region)
Transport Regulations: Comply with ADR/RID (road), IMDG (sea), IATA (air) for dangerous goods
OSHA Status: Regulated as hazardous chemical
TSCA Status: Listed on United States TSCA Inventory
REACH Registration: Requires pre-registration/report under European chemicals legislation
Labeling Standards: Complies with GHS (Global Harmonized System) for labeling and safety information
SARA Title III: Not listed as an extremely hazardous substance; relevant for workplace release reporting
California Proposition 65: Not specifically listed, but HCl vapor potential as probable carcinogen applies
Other Standards: Subject to inspection and reporting under local, regional, and international environmental protection and workplace safety laws
Inventory Listings: Australia (AICS), Canada (DSL), EU (EINECS), Japan (ENCS), Korea (ECL), Philippines (PICCS) as appropriate for this substance
