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Chemical Name: Carnidazole
Synonyms: 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetamide
CAS Number: 63409-11-2
Use: Antiprotozoal agent in veterinary medicine, particularly in birds
Appearance: Usually off-white to yellow powder
Odor: Weak or lacking discernible scent
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, more in common organic solvents
Health Risks: Causes irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; possible central nervous system effects with significant exposure
Acute Exposure Effects: Headache, nausea, dizziness possible after inhaling dust or ingesting powder; can sensitize skin on prolonged contact
Chronic Exposure Risks: Not a confirmed carcinogen, though chronic or repeated exposure to nitroimidazole compounds raises concern for liver or neurological impacts
Signal Word: Warning
Risk Phrases: Harmful if swallowed, may cause irritation
Precautionary Phrases: Avoid contact with skin and eyes, do not breathe dust
Main Ingredient: Carnidazole (concentration typically above 98%)
Impurities: Trace synthesis byproducts; product purity depends on supplier quality controls
Formulation Additives: Sometimes present as excipients in retail veterinary formulations, though pure lab or reagent-grade product contains primarily the active ingredient
Inhalation: Move to area with fresh air, seek medical attention if symptoms like difficulty breathing, coughing, or dizziness persist
Skin Contact: Wash skin thoroughly with water and mild soap, remove contaminated clothing; persistent irritation calls for medical care
Eye Contact: Rinse gently with plenty of water for many minutes, lifting eyelids to reach all tissue; medical attention if discomfort continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth if conscious, do not induce vomiting; consult medical professionals as soon as possible
Hazards: Carnidazole can decompose to release toxic gases, including nitrogen oxides
Extinguishing Methods: Use water spray, CO2, or dry chemical fire extinguishers
Protective Gear for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to avoid toxic fume exposure
Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides are likely
Explosion Risk: No data on explosive properties, but avoid fine dust accumulation which could pose risk in extreme situations
Personal Protection: Wear gloves, goggles, and a dust mask or respirator
Spill Cleanup: Collect spilled material with non-sparking tools, sweep up carefully to minimize dust generation, and absorb remaining traces with inert materials
Waste Disposal: Dispose of in sealed containers through licensed waste handlers, avoid allowing chemical to enter drains or natural waterways
Environmental Notes: Due to its toxicity to aquatic life, keep away from soil, water courses, and drains during cleanup
Handling Precautions: Handle in well-ventilated areas, avoid direct skin or eye contact, minimize dust generation
Hygiene: Wash hands after contact, do not eat or drink near handling zones
Storage Requirements: Store tightly sealed in cool, dry areas away from light and incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers
Segregation: Keep separate from food, feed, and animal housing zones to prevent accidental contamination
Engineering Controls: Use appropriate ventilation controls or fume hoods to reduce airborne concentrations
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, tightly fitting safety goggles, lab coats, and particulate dust masks or respirators
Work Practices: Prevent personal exposure by using scoopulas rather than pouring, and always avoid handling with bare hands
Occupational Exposure Limits: No official threshold limits established, adopt prudent occupational hygiene in line with other nitroimidazole antimicrobials
Physical State: Crystalline solid
Color: Off-white to yellow
Odor: Minimal or absent
Melting Point: Approximately 170–180 °C
Boiling Point: Not available due to decomposition before boiling
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, better in organic solvents such as ethanol
pH (1% solution): Not typically specified, expect weakly acidic
Stability: Stable under normal storage and usage conditions outside direct sunlight and heat
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage, sensitive to excess heat, moisture, and sunlight
Reactivity: Can react with strong oxidizing agents
Decomposition: High temperatures or fire release toxic fumes
Incompatibility: Strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizers
Likely Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, and ingestion represent primary risks, especially during handling of powders
Acute Toxicity: Based on nitroimidazoles, ingestion may cause gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, and hepatic enzyme changes
Skin and Eye Irritation: May irritate mucous membranes and eyes on direct contact
Sensitization: Data limited, repeated exposure to related substances has led to allergic reactions
Carcinogenicity: Related drugs sometimes flagged for concern in occupational settings; carnidazole lacks comprehensive studies in humans
Mutagenicity and Reproductive Toxicology: Animal data for nitroimidazoles indicate potential genetic toxicity in certain conditions; direct evidence on carnidazole incomplete
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic species even at low concentrations, similar to other antiprotozoal agents
Bioaccumulation: No data, but structure hints at some persistence in sediments
Environmental Persistence: Degrades slowly in soils, may persist long enough to impact groundwater
Known Effects: Antibiotic modes of action can disrupt microbial communities in the water ecosystem, underlining risk for effluent contamination beyond target species
Disposal Methods: Collect all waste in sealed containers, avoid landfill or regular trash disposal, deliver to proper incineration or hazardous waste facility
Legal Requirements: Do not dispose by flushing into sewers or public waterways; observe all local and national disposal regulations
Environmental Precautions: Prevent run-off or accidental spills during disposal end-of-life management to limit exposure to humans, animals, or broader environment
Transport Precautions: Store in tightly closed, properly labeled containers; avoid exposure to sunlight and moisture
Packing Class: Not officially classified as dangerous for transportation in small quantities, but should be secured to avoid accidental release
Labeling Requirements: Use clear identification in line with chemical safety rules; keep documentation accessible for handlers and responders in transit
Applicable Regulations: Subject to regulations in veterinary pharmaceuticals and hazardous substance handling according to national and regional agencies
Occupational Health Law: Regulatory authorities may classify similar compounds for workplace exposure oversight; consult your jurisdiction’s laws
Environmental Disposal: Covered under hazardous waste legislation for chemical disposal, especially due to persistence and ecotoxicity
Import and Distribution: Controlled in many areas as a prescription-only animal medicine due to strong pharmacological action
