© 2026 Sinochem Nanjing Corporation,
All Right Reserved
Folk traditions in coastal communities have used the shells of shrimp and crabs for generations, yet turning chitosan into advanced medical and industrial materials only took off during the last quarter of the twentieth century. Chemists like Peter Muzzarelli, an Italian pioneer, started playing with chitosan’s backbone, tweaking it to unlock new functions. Soon after, the carboxymethyl form emerged, offering more water solubility and a higher degree of biological interaction. From these humble origins, research centers in the United States, China, and Japan have worked steadily, ramping up purity and tailoring the molecule for precise uses. Now, you can read about Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC) across journals involving everything from medicine to agriculture, and enough patent filings exist to keep any legal department busy for years.
Carboxymethyl Chitosan comes across as a white to off-white powder. It smells faintly of the ocean and doesn’t clump too easily. Companies package it in moisture-proof bags, and its texture reveals much about the source and manufacturing grade. Food and pharma companies like the CMC variety most for its ability to dissolve in water, forming clear solutions. The biocompatibility sets it apart from other modified polysaccharides. Instead of harming living tissues, CMC helps wounds heal, soothes inflammation, and even transports drugs directly to disease hotspots. For hospital procurement managers, this alone keeps it on the requisition lists. In water treatment plants, it tackles heavy metals and floating toxins head-on. Farmers use CMC-based sprays to defend crops against fungi. Even as a finishing agent in textiles, it lends strength and reduces static. Plenty of versatility in one molecule.
The physical and chemical makeup of Carboxymethyl Chitosan defines its unique role in industry and research. The white powder may look unremarkable, but dissolve it in water, and you see high viscosity come alive. Carboxymethylation increases solubility almost tenfold compared to regular chitosan, letting CMC perform in environments where unmodified variants fail. Surface tension holds steady on par with most organic polymers. The carboxymethyl group swaps in for some of the original chitosan’s amine sites, introducing negative charges along the backbone. These charges let CMC bind metals, proteins, and certain drugs with a grip that feels almost like Velcro at the molecular level. CMC can withstand autoclaving during sterilization, which means hospital supply chains can trust it won’t break down under pressure. With a pH between 6.0 and 7.5 for pharmaceutic-grade solutions, CMC blends smoothly into biological buffers and nutrient broths.
Any reputable supplier of Carboxymethyl Chitosan spells out technical parameters on the product label. Buyers expect to see a carboxymethyl substitution degree listed as a number between 0.5 and 1.5. Molecular weight, often measured via gel permeation chromatography, ranges from 10,000 up to over 700,000 Daltons, and this affects gelling properties and viscosity. Moisture content—usually capped at 10%—keeps the powder stable in storage. Residual proteins and heavy metals stay well below defined regulatory limits, often set at 0.1% or less. The appearance of batch numbers and storage conditions on each label helps guarantee traceability. Labels also highlight whether the product suits food contact or injection-grade uses, with clear warnings for operators on how to avoid accidental inhalation or contact with sensitive skin.
Crafting CMC involves several carefully controlled steps built from decades of trial and error. Raw chitosan comes from waste shells, cleaned and ground finely to expose as many sites as possible for chemical reaction. Afterward, dry powder meets monochloroacetic acid or sodium monochloroacetate under alkaline conditions—usually with sodium hydroxide acting as the catalyst. Temperature and pressure remain carefully monitored to avoid unwanted byproducts. The reaction proceeds at a pace determined by agitation and raw material quality, and technicians quench it by introducing acid or neutralizing agents at the finish to reach the ideal pH. Filtration separates unreacted chitosan and salts, while ethanol washing removes residual chemicals. Multiple rounds of precipitation, filtration, and drying complete the process. Each batch runs a gauntlet of quality tests before hitting pharmaceutical or industrial markets.
Chemists keep busy in the CMC sphere, taking basic carboxymethyl chitosan and fashioning it with new properties. Grafting nanoparticles like silver or gold opens up antibacterial action, while cross-linking with agents such as glutaraldehyde transforms the powder into tough gels. Researchers fiddle with the backbone, adding hydrophobic modifications to allow slow drug release or hook bioactive peptides onto the chains to direct stem cells. The degree of substitution directly tunes these properties. Partial deacetylation, combined with targeted oxidation, makes the backbone compatible with enzymes or specific immune cell receptors. Newer studies point to clickable groups for attaching DNA or proteins site-specifically. Chemical tuning, more than just recipe changes, turns CMC into tailored medicines, environmental absorbents, or agricultural agents.
Carboxymethyl Chitosan pops up on labels as CMC, CM-Chitosan, or sodium carboxymethyl chitosan. In the US and EU, international suppliers use catalog names like “carboxymethylated chitosan, pharma grade” or “water-soluble chitosan derivative.” Patented blends carry fancy trade names—think ChitoCare, NovoChit, or KytoSol, reflecting proprietary tweaks or purity claims. Ingredient decks on personal care or wound healing products may feature ‘Chitosan carboxymethyl ether’ or ‘sodium chitosan carboxymethylate.’ These multiple naming schemes echo how fast the field grows—a challenge for regulatory auditors, but a mark of rapid innovation.
Working with Carboxymethyl Chitosan in any setting means strict attention to safety and regulations. Pharmaceutical labs handle it under clean room conditions with operators in gloves, masks, and goggles. Airborne dust, although usually not strongly irritating, can set off reactions in those sensitive to shellfish or airborne powder. Storage areas keep powder containers tightly sealed to keep out moisture and airborne contaminants. Depending on the application—whether it’s used as a drug carrier, wound dressing, or emulsion stabilizer—CMC meets standards set by pharmacopeias (USP, JP, EP) or food safety agencies like EFSA and FDA. Compliance means regular audits, validated analytical methods, and proof that heavy metals, pathogens, and manufacturing residues never exceed published thresholds. For food contact or agricultural use, labels specify application rates and withdrawal intervals. Industrial settings post chemical safety sheets, reminding technicians to keep water nearby for splash-rinsing skin, and to vacuum instead of sweep to avoid kicking up dust.
Wound care centers stock CMC dressings because this polymer absorbs exudate, forms a soothing gel, and brings on faster tissue repair. Drug development labs use CMC as an injectable matrix for slow and targeted medicine delivery, helping patients avoid pills or IV drips. Water treatment operators count on CMC to grab heavy metals like lead or cadmium, often removing more in less time than older resins. Scientists at agricultural stations spray CMC on seeds or crops to chase off fungi or bacteria, while cosmetic chemists stir it into anti-aging serums for its film-forming, hydrating effect. Paper manufacturers run CMC through their machines for smoother sheets and less breakage. In dentistry, CMC fill gels and sealants to keep mouths moist and cuts clean. Whether in hospitals, power plants, farms, or beauty boutiques, CMC plays a surprisingly unglamorous but critical part behind the scenes.
Laboratories worldwide continue to test what CMC can do if you push the limits. Academic teams run trials on gene delivery, using CMC to wrap therapeutic RNA for gene therapies. Others try blending CMC with bioceramics for bone repair. Research grants flow into making better hemostatic agents, blending CMC with collagen, gelatin, or even synthetic plastics for surgical sponges. Startup companies work to scale up environmentally friendly versions of the chitosan extraction and carboxymethylation steps—avoiding hazardous solvents and bringing down costs. Published papers each month report CMC’s boost to seed germination or shelf-life extension for perishable fruits coated in thin CMC films. Scholars probe CMC scaffolding for growing artificial organs. Research rarely stops, and the stream of papers keeps growing.
Extensive toxicity studies back up many of the bold claims about CMC’s safety. In animal models, even high daily doses fed by mouth or injected under the skin cause almost no organ damage and barely any blood chemistry changes. Wound dressings made of pharmaceutical-grade CMC pass skin irritation, allergenicity, and cytotoxicity tests with flying colors. Regulators in the US and Europe list CMC as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for many food and personal care uses, citing the strong lack of evidence for carcinogenicity or teratogenicity. CM-Chitosan shows no mutagenic effects in multiple genotoxic assays. For those with severe shellfish allergies, occasional contact allergies do occur, so hospital staff ask patients about reactions before use on wounds. Disposal practices in high-volume manufacturing facilities focus on neutralizing and filtering effluent, as CMC itself rarely triggers ecological harm.
Forecasts suggest CMC will only grow in importance as sustainability drives shift companies away from traditional petroleum-based chemicals. Biodegradable plastics based on CMC may well replace single-use wrappers and bags, while medical research hints at fully resorbable tissue engineering scaffolds for organ repair. Food technologists eye CMC films that extend shelf-life without artificial preservatives, which could combat food waste worldwide. The urge for green water treatment solutions puts CMC-based filters in a prime spot for adoption by municipal plants. Ongoing genetic engineering of chitosan-producing microbes might allow big reductions in production costs and raw material waste. Every decade, the “old” CMC molecule takes on new jobs—not bad for a polymer that started out as seafood industry scrap. The progress so far feels promising, with collaborations between academia and manufacturers shaping each new generation of CMC products for better lives and healthier environments.
Carboxymethyl chitosan often starts out as something you wouldn’t look twice at: crustacean shells left over from dinner. Through a clever bit of chemistry, this old waste turns into a material with a knack for helping people heal. The story reflects a larger trend—science squeezing value out of what used to end up in the bin.
Most people haven’t thought much about how a wound dressing works. Hospital staff do, especially when there’s infection risk or a patient struggles to heal. Carboxymethyl chitosan changes the game here. It draws on its natural ability to hold water and keeps wounds moist, not soggy. People with diabetes or bedsores know moist dressings help skin recover instead of cracking open. Nurses see fewer red, infected wounds and spend less time bandaging the same spots again and again.
This material does more. It grabs onto bacteria, preventing them from multiplying. Fewer bacteria means fewer antibiotics for patients—good news at a time when resistance makes doctors sweat. Animal studies show cuts packed with carboxymethyl chitosan heal faster and come out smoother, with less scarring. That means less worry and pain for anyone recovering from surgery.
Doctors use carboxymethyl chitosan as a kind of delivery truck for medicine. It wraps around drugs to carry them through the complicated maze of the human body. I’ve watched researchers load up this material with cancer drugs, insulin, or vaccines. It protects the active ingredient from stomach acid or enzymes and drops it off near the target, reducing nasty side effects and making expensive treatments go further.
Instead of a shot, some treatments come as a gel or film using carboxymethyl chitosan. That translates to less discomfort and fewer trips to the clinic, which matters for children, people who struggle with needles, or crowded hospitals. I’ve met parents who breathe easier knowing their kids can get treated with something as simple as a patch or a mouth rinse, thanks to these advances.
Hospitals aren’t the only place where this material earns its keep. In food packaging, it acts as a natural shield against spoilage, stretching fresh produce’s shelf life. Berries and greens rot slower, bread molds less often. My experience as a home gardener tells me how precious a good harvest is; seeing it stay fresh longer saves money and keeps families healthier.
Then there’s water. Carboxymethyl chitosan sweeps up heavy metals and dirt from drinking water. It acts like a tiny magnet for the bad stuff you don’t want in a glass. Environmental engineers use it in filters to help keep water clean, especially after storms or floods that muddy the supply.
Some challenges stand in the way. Large-scale production can get pricy, and not every supplier meets consistent safety standards. Supporting local startups and academic-industry partnerships can close these gaps. More transparency in labeling ingredients will let people choose safer, smarter options—whether for their health or their next meal. Teaching medical and food professionals about these materials keeps the benefits flowing where they’re needed most.
By following quality standards and demanding reliable sources, we can keep unlocking value from what used to be thrown away. With more research and fair access, carboxymethyl chitosan holds promise for a world looking to heal faster, eat safer, and waste less.
Consumers have started paying more attention to what’s in their medicine cabinets and food. With all the talk about natural polymers like chitosan and its modified forms such as carboxymethyl chitosan, it makes sense to wonder if they’re actually safe for people.
Chitosan gets pulled from crustacean shells, then tweaked to create carboxymethyl chitosan. This stuff draws interest mainly because it dissolves in water, unlike the gritty original material. Folks in medicine, food preservation, and even skincare favor it since it often blends into products without much fuss.
Scientists started examining carboxymethyl chitosan carefully in the past twenty years. Recent studies show it barely triggers the immune system, so cases of allergic response or irritation stay rare. Toxicity tests—with both animals and cultured human cells—didn’t raise big red flags. Researchers at universities in China and Europe routinely set safety thresholds in their reports. For example, a 2022 review in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” describes how this compound breaks down inside the body without piling up in organs. Hospitals sometimes use it in wound dressings because it keeps things moist and discourages bacteria from hanging around. There’s little sign of toxic residues in the tissue after use.
Regulators don’t hand out approvals lightly. In Europe and Asia, carboxymethyl chitosan can appear in some wound healing products, thanks to multiple safety reviews. In the United States, it sometimes shows up under the “Generally Recognized As Safe” umbrella, especially when the source and the manufacturing process are well documented. I once attended a medical supply conference where a panel of experts agreed that reputable manufacturers tend to conduct more purity and identity testing on these ingredients than they did a decade ago. Secure supply lines and detailed lab tests cut down on contamination or unwanted byproducts.
Shellfish allergies leave people wary, and for good reason. Chitosan comes from shrimp and crab shells, even after chemical changes, so people who react strongly to shellfish should keep their doctor in the loop before using such products. Some researchers call for longer-term human studies. Many trials last only a few weeks or stick to lab animals. A few smaller studies show carboxymethyl chitosan may not sit well in every topical or ingestible product because impurities or differences in production methods might sneak through.
Safety depends on steady standards and transparency. Medical and personal care companies should keep rolling out clearer labels stating the exact source—crab, shrimp, or even fungal alternatives—and manufacturing details. Making lab test results available to health professionals and regulators builds trust. Allergy warnings ought to be just as upfront as other ingredients. Health agencies and universities can do more long-term research in people with different backgrounds and health conditions. That way, risks become clearer and solutions sharper. People using these products can ask pharmacists or doctors about trusted brands and known allergies, instead of guessing based on vague claims.
So far, most data show that carboxymethyl chitosan won’t harm the average person. It blends easily into wound healing gels, dental rinses, and even new drug formulations. Still, nobody should expect a total absence of side effects, especially those with shellfish sensitivities. As science moves forward, more evidence from long-term, real-world use will help pin down any lingering doubts.
Chitosan comes from chitin, a natural substance found in the shells of shrimp and crabs. In the everyday world, folks mainly recognize chitosan as a powder used in nutrition supplements, water purification kits, and some skincare lines. The reason for chitosan’s popularity comes down to its ability to attract fats and oils, plus its gentle touch with skin. You find chitosan in weight loss tablets, wound dressings, and even toothpaste.
Science always pushes for more. Researchers figured out that by adding carboxymethyl groups to chitosan, you get a new material: carboxymethyl chitosan. It's not just a fancier name. This small change gives the substance better water solubility. Where regular chitosan barely dissolves in pure water, carboxymethyl chitosan mixes in much more easily. No need for acid baths or special solutions. That switch changes its usefulness in medicine, food, and personal care products.
Chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan both come from natural sources, but their properties suit different jobs. You can't just swap one for the other and expect identical results. For example, in drug delivery, carboxymethyl chitosan can carry and release medication in a predictable fashion because it dissolves in water. Regular chitosan, used as a thickening agent or a simple wound cover, leans on its ability to form films and gels without dissolving fully.
In lab practice, scientists praise carboxymethyl chitosan for how it improves tissue growth. Studies in regenerative medicine show cells anchor better and multiply faster on surfaces made from carboxymethyl chitosan. I remember reading about new hydrogel versions that help heal burns and diabetic wounds a lot faster. That kind of success doesn’t always happen with basic chitosan solutions.
Carboxymethyl chitosan also resists breaking down in the body a bit longer, giving doctors more control during treatments. In my experience following the development of new drug delivery systems, this delayed breakdown helps reduce how often someone might need to apply or take medicine. It makes a big difference for patients looking for less hassle in recovery.
Both substances come from natural ingredients. Chitosan has been the focus of food safety studies since the 1980s, and so far, it's been safe with mild side effects like bloating or constipation for some users. Carboxymethyl chitosan, with its altered structure, still undergoes safety checks, especially for injectable or implantable products. Early research shows no increase in toxicity, but regulators ask for long-term data for comfort.
Price and production stand out as main challenges. Regular chitosan comes straight from crustacean waste; it’s cheap and easy to find. Making carboxymethyl chitosan requires extra chemical steps, which ups the cost. Companies exploring plant-based sources, or looking for ways to recycle seafood shells more effectively, can help make both products cheaper and more eco-friendly.
Smart regulations and better transparency can keep consumers protected, especially as more medical patches, pills, and creams hit the shelves. If researchers in universities and companies share public studies of both substances, people get more confidence in products using either material. Honest labelling and clear standards matter. Watching these developments closely means safer and better uses for everyone down the line.
Doctors and scientists keep turning to carboxymethyl chitosan for one reason: its unique properties work well for real-world medical needs. It clings to wounds and speeds up healing without stirring up allergic reactions. You can see it in gels and dressings that hospitals pull out for burns, ulcers, or surgical cuts. Some research shows its antibacterial action helps lower the risk of infection, a key reason clinics and hospitals pay attention. Surgeons appreciate materials that support natural healing, especially if they shave down recovery time. Companies keep investing in clinical trials, seeking proof that these wound dressings work better than older synthetic types.
Farmers face constant pressure to grow more food with fewer chemicals. Carboxymethyl chitosan offers a biodegradable, plant-friendly alternative for crop protection. Spraying it onto plant roots or leaves helps ward off common pests and plant diseases. It sparks plants to build up their natural defenses, so farmers don’t lean as hard on chemical pesticides. Some studies from Asia and Europe recorded higher yields and healthier crops where this biopolymer was used. Environmental safety matters for everyone, especially when it comes to groundwater. Farmers in regions where water protection laws carry weight want these cleaner solutions.
Food makers keep searching for ways to keep products fresh, without adding unreadable chemicals to the label. Carboxymethyl chitosan thickens soups and sauces, stabilizes dairy drinks, and helps keep fruit coatings on apples. Its non-toxic nature means consumers don’t have to worry about long-term health risks tied to many synthetic additives. Studies from European food safety authorities rate it as safe at expected consumption levels. My own experience shopping for snacks and meal kits reveals how often companies list natural thickeners or stabilizers right on the label, a trend likely to help this compound’s popularity rise.
Not all industries spotlight flashy innovations, but water treatment companies rely on consistent, affordable solutions for cleaning municipal and industrial wastewater. Carboxymethyl chitosan binds up heavy metals and small toxins, making them easier to filter out of water supplies. Factories processing textiles or heavy metals dump loads of contaminants into public systems. Using this biopolymer reduces the amount of costly chemical coagulants, cutting bills for busy treatment plants. Field studies point to decreased lead, mercury, and other metal residues in treated water, delivering a clear win for public health. City water managers look for reliability and cost savings at scale, so practicality drives their choices.
Spend a day reading product labels, and you’ll come across carboxymethyl chitosan in shampoos, toothpaste, and lotions. Its moisture-retaining power gives skin and hair a soft finish, and it works as a safe film former for styling gels or sprays. Research from cosmetic science journals mentions it stabilizes foams and improves shelf life without harsh chemical agents, meeting growing customer demands for gentle ingredients. A regular salon visit or trip down the personal care aisle shows shoppers now value safe, bio-based compounds over outdated, synthetic formulas.
As industries look for safer, greener options, carboxymethyl chitosan stands out. Its rise is built on strong science, practical results, and real benefits. The next push comes from clearer labeling, improved manufacturing, and stricter regulation — steps that help keep both consumers and the environment safer.
Carboxymethyl chitosan comes from chitosan, a substance found in crustacean shells. The chemical tweak carboxymethylation gives it water solubility and opens up uses in medicine, food, and agriculture. My own work in a lab has shown that, although powders and biopolymers might seem forgiving, some slipups in storage or handling can destroy an entire batch. Carboxymethyl chitosan is no exception.
Humidity loves to wreck chitosan derivatives. The powder sucks in water, forms clumps, and just stops dissolving the way you expect. Storing it in a tightly sealed container—ideally glass or heavy-duty plastic—keeps moisture at bay. For some reason, I’ve noticed folks grab a plastic bag and call it good, but air finds a way in. When the air is damp, placing the container inside a desiccator with silica gel or another drying agent helps a lot. In places where humidity swings with the seasons, this isn’t optional. The powder keeps its properties much longer this way.
Light and heat cause trouble. Exposure to sunlight has broken down chitosan in my experience, giving it an odd color and changing how it behaves in solution. I recommend stashing carboxymethyl chitosan in a cabinet, drawer, or shelf away from direct sunlight. Room temperature is fine for short-term needs, but long-term storage should use a fridge at around 4°C. Just make sure it’s in a dry spot, since condensation will also spoil the powder’s quality.
Using clean, dry tools for scooping or weighing prevents introducing bacteria or other bioloads. I learned the hard way not to reach into a jar with anything but a fresh spatula. Gloves aren’t a bad idea if you’re portioning out material, and never return unused powder to the main container. Keeping the original packaging helps track shelf life and lot numbers, which really matters if something goes wrong later.
Some people see “biopolymer” and think harmless, but inhaled dust still irritates eyes and lungs. Wear a mask and avoid generating a cloud in small spaces. Label every container clearly. Date the package when opening, because shelf life decreases after that. Reliable suppliers offer carboxymethyl chitosan with suggested expiration dates—stick to them if quality counts for your project.
If carboxymethyl chitosan gets old, wet, or contaminated, don’t toss it down the sink. Depending on the additives or quantity, consult waste guidelines from your facility. Always choose environmentally safe disposal. Years ago, one of my colleagues learned a tough lesson after dumping biopolymer solutions, only to clog lab drains and face expensive cleanups.
Carboxymethyl chitosan opens doors for biomedical research, agricultural field trials, and green tech, but sloppy handling leads to blown budgets and ruined experiments. A few simple routines—keeping the powder dry, cool, and clean—make a real difference. By treating this material with the respect you’d give an active pharmaceutical ingredient, you get the best out of every batch. From lab bench to production floor, people matter in these routines, not just written protocols.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | N-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-Amino-2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanoyl]-O-(carboxymethyl)-D-glucosamine |
| Other names |
O-Carboxymethyl chitosan CMC Carboxymethylated chitosan Chitosan O-carboxymethyl ether |
| Pronunciation | /ˌkɑːrbɒksɪˈmiːθəl ˈkaɪtəˌsæn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 83512-85-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3530545 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:85258 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2108737 |
| ChemSpider | 11291708 |
| DrugBank | DB11365 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03b2acc9-3b93-4cee-9873-015d9c27cd5b |
| EC Number | 94349-62-9 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1805295 |
| KEGG | C20614 |
| MeSH | D058960 |
| PubChem CID | 10526829 |
| RTECS number | RR0350000 |
| UNII | Q7Y7L6B30Z |
| UN number | UN3077 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID10203617 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C8H13NO5 |
| Molar mass | Variable (depends on degree of substitution and molecular weight of chitosan) |
| Appearance | White or off-white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.8-1.2 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -3.0 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 6.3–6.5 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.90 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.335 |
| Viscosity | 10-800 mPa·s (1% solution, 25°C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.45 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | +405.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1090.6 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | May cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08, Warning, H315, H319, H335, P261, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| Pictograms | GHS05,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | Health: 1, Flammability: 1, Instability: 0, Special: - |
| LD50 (median dose) | > 5 g/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 200-500 cps (1% solution, 25°C) |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Chitosan Chitin N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydroxypropyl Chitosan Glycol Chitosan Quaternized Chitosan Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Alginate |
