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The story of biphenylfluorourea stretches back to the broader wave of synthetic organic chemistry exploration in the late 20th century. Chemists got interested in fusing the biphenyl core, a molecule found in everything from polychlorinated biphenyls to pharmaceuticals, with the highly reactive urea group. The resulting compound, biphenylfluorourea, captured R&D attention thanks to some striking physical and chemical properties. It took decades of trial and error in both academic and industrial labs before a reproducible synthetic route emerged. In those early days, researchers worked long hours with glassware and bulky analytical instruments, searching for a way to reliably attach fluorine to the urea backbone. Today’s commercial biphenylfluorourea relies on their work. Every time a new application springs up—from specialty coatings to niche pharmaceuticals—you can trace the progress back to those long hours spent in the lab, and the evolving understanding of how biphenyl and urea interact with fluorine’s unique reactivity.
Biphenylfluorourea stands as a specialty organic compound, with a molecular composition marked by a biphenyl backbone linked to a fluorinated urea group. Its chemical profile puts it on the shelves of chemical supply companies for high-end applications, especially where high stability and tailored reactivity matter. Instead of sitting in bulk chemical tanks like benzene or acetone, you’ll usually find it in smaller, carefully sealed containers, labeled for research or synthetic use. Chemical suppliers serve industries from electronics to drug development, always emphasizing the need to handle it with respect. The product defines itself not just by its formula, but by a reputation for reliability in reactions where less robust compounds would break down.
Looking at biphenylfluorourea, you find a solid with a moderate melting point, higher than most simple organics but lower than many inorganic salts. It forms fine, pale crystals, which clump together if you leave them in a humid room for too long. On the chemical front, that fluorine atom refuses to budge easily and gives the compound its celebrated resistance to acids, bases, and oxidative environments. Its solubility splits opinions, with some friends recalling tricky dissolutions in DMSO, and others quietly favoring DMF as their solvent of choice. Handling this material brings you face to face with a smell that, while faint, reminds you not to treat chemicals as inert. Every time you weigh out biphenylfluorourea, you see the consequences of even moderate volatility, as ultra-fine dust drifts away from an open vial, hinting at the need for fume hood work. It stays unchanged in storage when kept dry and cool, but moisture and heat force slow decomposition, changing color and giving off acrid fumes over months.
Specification sheets for biphenylfluorourea focus on purity, moisture content, and trace metal contamination. High-quality lots must reach a purity of 98% or more, measured by HPLC. Water content under 0.1% gets flagged as critical, since excess moisture destroys the compound’s shelf life. Heavy metal testing continues to gain traction, with companies maintaining low ppm (parts per million) thresholds for lead, mercury, and cadmium. Labels show the CAS number, molecular formula, batch number, and shelf life. Chemical safety symbols serve as a stubborn reminder to wear gloves and goggles, while advice on secondary containment offers practical wisdom you only ignore once. In my work, I’ve watched labs get burned by ignoring these specs; one stale bottle sparked a week-long investigation into missing reactivity. Users get what they pay for with proper labeling—clear hazard notices and storage instructions, not vague promises.
Modern labs usually start with fluorinated aniline, reacting it with a biphenyl isocyanate in a dry, aprotic solvent under controlled temperature. The reaction mixture gets stirred for hours, and the slow addition of base scavenges any unwanted byproducts. Washing and recrystallization, two steps that seem like tradition, clean up the product. Every synthetic chemist has their own favorite tweaks for yield—some dose in the base little by little, others add a pinch of salt to the solvent. On an industrial scale, these same principles apply, just with reactors large enough to climb inside. Environmental controls make up a constant challenge, since side products and emissions need to stay out of the air and groundwater. You hear colleagues compare notes over coffee: who solved the last bottleneck, which shipment passed QA with flying colors. Each time, the joy sits in seeing a fine, dry mass of biphenylfluorourea as the result.
Biphenylfluorourea resists casual modification, but skilled hands make it sing in the right conditions. The urea moiety survives mild acids and bases intact, so most chemistry focuses elsewhere on the molecule. Electrophilic aromatic substitutions go slowly, but experienced chemists coax in nitro or sulfonic groups when needed. The fluorine offers solid protection against unwanted side reactions, making targeted cross-coupling reactions possible. With the right catalyst, you can couple its biphenyl rings to form bigger, more complex molecules. This reactivity forms the backbone of its growing use in medicinal chemistry, where attaching tailored groups can change everything from solubility to binding affinity. With the right partners, you coax the molecule into becoming a key intermediate for new treatments, electronic materials, or catalysts.
The world knows biphenylfluorourea under a handful of official names. Commercial catalogs use labels like 4-Fluorobiphenyl-2-ylurea, fluorobiphenylurea, or by its IUPAC title. Some European sources tack on trade names controlled by specific manufacturers, which you recognize after enough years hunting through catalogs. Sometimes research papers use abbreviations, referring to the compound as BPFU or FBU. This tower of names can leave you chasing a ghost compound, unless you double-check structures and CAS numbers. The right name matters, especially during international orders, patent searches, or regulatory filings. Nobody enjoys losing weeks of work from a misordered bottle that just looks similar.
Working safely with biphenylfluorourea means keeping respect for its hazards. Direct skin contact irritates, and every good chemist keeps gloves close at hand. The fine powder brings a risk of inhalation if handled carelessly, so dust masks and fume hoods fit into daily routines. Long-term exposure data remains thin, so sensible labs set up strict access controls and training for new users. Accidental ingestion or dust getting into wounds both bring sharp, lingering discomfort. I once saw a spill turn a simple cleanup into an all-day decontamination; since then, I double-bag and label every container. Waste gets sent through approved chemical hygiene programs, with solvent-heavy rinses collected separately. Fire risk stays low, but in a hot environment or near strong oxidizers, disaster lurks for the unprepared. Emergency protocols sound dull on paper, but save years off your life’s stress when the unthinkable happens.
Biphenylfluorourea’s role in the lab stretches far. In pharmaceutical research, it serves as a building block for anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial agents, while its stability and electronic structure help in materials science and electronics testing. Some teams use it as a template ligand for complex new catalysts, taking advantage of its resistance to breakdown. In practice, success shows up with a combination of reliability and adaptability—you see new journal articles every year reporting subtle creative tweaks for biotech, dye chemistry, or specialty coatings. The compound rarely lands in consumer-facing products, since its cost and profile demand high-value, small-scale uses. Each time industry pushes for higher performance or safer alternatives, biphenylfluorourea finds a new chance to prove itself.
Active research explores how best to adapt biphenylfluorourea’s molecular framework for evolving challenges in medicine and nanotechnology. I’ve seen graduate students develop family trees of substituted versions, each with a slightly tweaked reactivity or stability. Funding often hinges on new biological or electronic roles, so innovation thrives where cross-disciplinary teams meet. Instrument makers design new ways to analyze its behavior at the atomic level, using everything from NMR to X-ray crystallography. Breakthroughs don’t always get the glamour of blockbuster drugs, but they quietly reshape industry standards; each new derivative pushes the field toward wider uses, better safety profiles, or smarter catalysts. Some projects focus on environmental remediation potential or as platforms for enzyme mimics, inviting collaborations with biologists, physicists, and engineers alike.
Information on biphenylfluorourea’s chronic toxicity continues to evolve. Short-term animal studies report low acute toxicity at controlled dosages, with irritation at skin or eye contact but few systemic effects from brief exposure. Long-term studies stay rare, partly due to limited production and targeted use. Regulatory bodies treat it with caution, recommending full PPE and ventilation when handling the compound. Environmental release stays rare, but experimental runoff still gets flagged in compliance reviews. Chronic toxicity data so far draw on analogs in the biphenyl and urea chemical families, where repeated exposure links to organ stress and cellular disruption. My experience says err on the side of caution: don’t trust the limited toxicity data more than common sense, and always review the latest MSDS updates before each large-scale procedure.
Looking ahead, biphenylfluorourea stands ready for new opportunities, especially as demands for precise molecular control in medicine, catalysis, and electronics keep growing. Continued research into tailored derivatives could soon yield new therapies with targeted effects and lower side impact. Academic and industrial interest in sustainable chemistry pushes for greener preparation routes, cutting out hazardous reagents while bumping up yields. If regulatory bodies tighten standards, you can expect more transparent safety documentation and perhaps lower-adoption barriers for emerging applications. The excitement keeps building as scientists discover new reactions unique to the biphenylfluorourea core, carving out spots in emerging fields like organic semiconductors and biomedical imaging. In every corner of the lab, the right combination of old wisdom and new techniques keeps biphenylfluorourea relevant—one experiment, patent, or publication at a time.
Biphenylfluorourea hardly turns up in everyday headlines, but its name sparks interest for chemists and folks in pharmaceutical labs. This complex organic compound grabs attention for potential in cancer research and medicine. Researchers appreciate its chemical backbone—a mesh of biphenyl and urea groups bound with the fluorinated element. These components help fend off rapid breakdown inside the body, which makes this molecule intriguing for targeted drug development.
In laboratories, biphenylfluorourea often serves as a tool for exploring new cancer therapies. Its unique structure lets it slip past some of the cell's usual defenses. Cancer cells, with their warped metabolism, don't respond well to standard controls. By tinkering with biphenylfluorourea, scientists look for ways to stall growth or trigger cell suicide in tumors. These aren’t just hopeful guesses. Recent studies published in scientific journals document its ability to interfere with proteins that drive cancer spread, especially in aggressive types like melanoma and certain lymphomas.
Unlike simple molecules, biphenylfluorourea offers a flexible backbone for pharmaceutical chemists. The “biphenyl” part can snugly fit into dense molecular pockets on enzymes. This helps block the signals that set off unwanted cell division. The fluorourea end supplies extra stability—fluorine atoms don’t let the body’s enzymes snip apart the molecule too quickly. Because of this, researchers boost a drug’s lifespan, so less frequent dosing becomes possible. Less medication means fewer side effects, a relief to people enduring harsh treatments.
I spent several years working alongside drug design teams. Success hardly ever came from one breakthrough. Progress owes much to smart chemistry, detail work, and endless trial-and-error. Compounds like biphenylfluorourea came up often as scaffolds. The work always pointed to one thing: the smallest tweak to a chemical’s shape made all the difference for safety and effectiveness.
Anything used to target disease needs a close look, especially with powerful reagents like biphenylfluorourea. The presence of fluorine atoms in pharmaceutical compounds raises tough questions about toxicity. Some fluorinated chemicals stick around in human tissue. So, teams run long-term trials, checking for buildup in organs. Regulators often press for extended animal safety studies before any human testing starts. These steps stretch out the drug development calendar, but skipping them isn’t worth the risk. Patients and the environment both matter. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration keeps tabs on emerging candidates, and teams must report negative findings as well as positive results.
Cancer patients wait for better treatments, but there’s no shortcut through the maze of chemical research. Instead of chasing miracle cures, real progress means using careful trial and error. Collaborations between chemists, doctors, and regulatory bodies often uncover better ways forward. As we learn more about what molecules like biphenylfluorourea can do, attention shifts to safer analogs and more precise targeting techniques, including nanoparticles and antibody-drug conjugates.
Stubborn health problems demand creative solutions. Studying biphenylfluorourea stands as a reminder: complex chemistry helps untangle the hardest medical riddles. Testing and transparency build a foundation for trust and progress, both in the lab and beyond.
Biphenylfluorourea stands out to chemists eager to bridge organic synthesis with meaningful application. At its heart, the name itself reveals two key building blocks: a biphenyl group and a fluorourea moiety. Drawn from the classic biphenyl backbone, this molecule links two benzene rings by a simple carbon-carbon bond, making it rigid and planar. The fluorourea part brings a heavy punch—throwing a fluorine atom into the urea motif, delivering both reactivity and a measure of metabolic resistance loved by medicinal chemists.
Visualizing the molecule, two benzene rings form the biphenyl section, connected at their para positions. Tacked onto this, a urea functional group (NH-C(O)-NH2) tethers a fluorine atom at the nitrogen. Chemical shorthand might spell out its formula as C13H9FN2O for a typical variant, but the intrigue sits in its three key features: aromaticity, reactivity driven by fluorine, and hydrogen-bonding potential from the urea.
Shape shapes function. The flatness of biphenyl gets used in everything from liquid crystals to pharmaceuticals. That structure pushes the molecule into interactions with proteins or membranes in living systems. The fluorine, surprisingly small but incredibly electronegative, changes everything: it snugs into enzyme pockets, often blocking normal breakdown in the body. Add in the urea, a workhorse for making new hydrogen bonds, and the whole package means biphenylfluorourea rarely goes quietly in a biological setting.
Science circles don’t just look at the structure for kicks. The presence of both biphenyl and fluorourea means this molecule acts in ways many drugs wish they could. Fluorine’s addition doesn’t just slow metabolic destruction—it can boost binding to a target, nudge selectivity, or even shift side effect profiles. Drug designers see these features, run with them, and tweak the rest of the molecule to dial in exactly what patients need.
Old literature on fluorinated ureas hints at attempts to make more stable pesticides. The lessons learned there helped modern chemists adjust those scaffolds for cancer treatments, antifungal agents, or clever imaging probes. That’s not ancient history, either. The last decade has seen a big uptick in fluorinated fragments shaping blockbuster drugs and powerful dyes.
But the benefits don’t roll in unhindered. Making biphenylfluorourea often calls for precise methods—harsh reagents, clean conditions, and a careful dance to get the right urea attached, the right fluorine in place. Large-scale synthesis still causes some headaches because any mistake means potential toxicity or lost yield. Green chemistry leans in, offering milder fluorination agents and safer urea synthesis methods, cutting down on both hazardous waste and risk to workers. Continuous flow reactors, for example, now help keep sensitive steps smooth and efficient.
Peer-reviewed results push for deeper understanding of how biphenylfluorourea partners with proteins. Computational tools lay out folding, binding, and breakdown in a way that could only be dreamed of just twenty years ago. Big jumps in machine learning and automated molecule screening mean new surprises might surface soon, giving biphenylfluorourea a fresh act in the evolving drama of chemical innovation.
Working with chemicals brings up the same question again and again: “Is this stuff safe?” Biphenylfluorourea is no exception. Stories about chemical mishaps often combine vague language with scientific jargon, leaving people in the dark about what those safety labels really mean. Instead of getting lost in technical detail, let’s connect this question with experience in real labs and workplaces.
Biphenylfluorourea falls into the family of substituted ureas—a group used in research, industry, and synthetic projects. Most handlers notice the material looks like a white to off-white powder. The dust can float into the air quickly. That presents risks you can’t ignore, especially if you’ve ever uncovered residue on a benchtop or caught a chemical scent after opening a new bottle.
I remember running extractions with new reagents during my grad school years. The lab protocol didn’t highlight rare risks. Yet, one undergrad in our group ended up with skin irritation from a similar compound, just by clearing up a small spill. The lesson stuck: direct contact, even for “mild” laboratory chemicals, often means more trouble than the paperwork suggests.
The industry reports for biphenylfluorourea flag a low vapor pressure, so inhalation becomes more likely if you’re handling fine powders or working in poor ventilation. Safety data sheets warn about skin and eye exposure. Chemical burns and rashes can develop within minutes if protection gear slips, especially for those with sensitive skin. Data shows eye contact leads to intense discomfort and possible vision damage. Repeated exposure, researchers say, might sensitize skin, increasing reactions down the line.
Reliable references like the European Chemicals Agency and the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health document their findings clearly. They mark biphenylfluorourea as hazardous if inhaled or in contact with skin. Standard exposure limits cover workplace air, but more than one incident report shows those rules often get ignored during “quick tasks”—something I’ve seen repeated in small companies, especially where training cuts corners to save time.
Splash goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, dust masks, and lab coats—these form the barrier between you and a bad chemical day. Labs track incidents, and stats favor gloves and goggles for chemicals with irritating properties. In my experience, removing gloves carefully and washing hands up to the wrist makes a visible difference. Non-absorbent surfaces and proper fume hoods mean you see fewer cases of headaches or nausea in technicians after a long day.
Rushing the job guarantees problems. People forget to clean up stray powder or brush dust off sleeves before grabbing a phone or adjusting glasses. These missteps let chemicals reach areas you never intended—except mistakes don’t care about intentions. Regular training, fast cleanup supplies, and a clear plan for accidental exposure save more time and money than waiting for someone to need medical care.
Safety with biphenylfluorourea depends less on pure toxicity numbers and more on commonsense habits. Gaps in ventilation, inconsistent use of gloves, or skipping eyewear open the door to needless harm. Respect the risks, keep procedures tight, and chemical handling stays safe—and that quiet confidence outweighs the marketed promises of any safety data sheet.
Biphenylfluorourea, like many specialty chemicals, brings a few extra steps to the storage game. My first experience in a research lab—where opening a mislabeled jar could mean headaches for the whole bench—made safety a top priority for me. This isn’t a household item, and risking contamination or exposure invites trouble fast.
Biphenylfluorourea has a reputation among chemists for both its potential toxicity and its stability issues. Many compounds in this category release unpleasant fumes if not kept sealed, and accidental spills have led to costly cleanups. The key? Keep it away from heat, light, and any reactive substances. One time, I saw a careless setup store several incompatible reagents side-by-side on a metal shelf. The resulting cleanup stayed in my mind for years: labels faded, powders clumped, and a faint chemical stench that lingered even after the room aired out.
Walk into any stockroom and the best-run ones don’t leave labels for later. Permanent, easy-to-read labels—with names, concentrations, and last inspection date—turn out to save hours of frustration. Missing or faded labels can turn a rare chemical into a dangerous mystery. During a stint in industry, every jar passed a double-check before it hit the shelf. If it’s not obvious, don’t risk it: re-label, double-check, and record details in a logbook everyone can read. Mistakes love the shadows where information is missing.
Humidity and temperature both play villain roles if left unchecked. In summer, when storage rooms flirt with higher temperatures, I’ve seen sensitive chemicals degrade, ruining research and budgets. Keeping Biphenylfluorourea at a stable, cool temperature lets it sit undisturbed for far longer. Dedicated chemical refrigerators offer a good option, but not all facilities invest in the right models. No food or drink belongs inside—no need to tempt fate. Checking refrigeration logs builds trust: nobody wants to find out stability data the hard way, after hours of lost work.
Have separate areas for storage, especially for substances known to react violently together. Too often, pressure for space ends up cramming everything together, asking for trouble. I noticed fewer accidents in facilities where each shelf carried only compatible chemicals, cutting down on spill nightmares. Regular audits and clear organization pay off every time.
During one storage room cleanup, lacking basic protection left one team member with a nasty rash—an easy mistake to avoid with gloves, goggles, and lab coats. Not just during use: transferring or handling containers demands good air flow. Fume hoods or ventilated storage cabinets quickly turn from luxury to necessity with chemicals like Biphenylfluorourea. A local lab boosted ventilation after just one incident and the difference, both in safety and staff comfort, became obvious fast.
For chemicals past their prime, don’t hope for the best or wait things out. Work with certified waste handlers who know how to neutralize or remove the material safely. Clear signage, spill kits, and well-practiced drills grew into routine after my team faced a surprise leak—no panicking, just quick, practiced hands. Training turns guesswork into confidence.
With tight budgets, some teams want to cut corners, but one accident quickly outweighs any short-term savings. Reliable, dedicated spaces and regular training matter more than the latest tech. Investing in ventilation, refrigeration, and labeling equipment cut down on downtime and boosted morale. Culture makes the longest difference: treating storage rules as habits, not checklists, turns a risky chore into a safe routine.
Biphenylfluorourea doesn’t show up in many household conversations, but anyone who works with specialty chemicals or researches industrial compounds has probably crossed its path. Handling unfamiliar chemicals always raises questions about how they impact our health and where dangers might lurk. With biphenylfluorourea, those concerns aren’t unfounded.
Direct contact causes trouble almost right away. Skin reacts quickly—rashes, redness, swelling and even blistering show up after accidental spills. In labs where accidental splashes reach the eyes, pain, irritation, and in some cases, corneal damage develop. From experience, a good set of chemical-resistant gloves and face protection protects a lot more than one’s peace of mind; they prevent lasting injuries that could follow someone beyond the workday.
Airborne dust creates its own set of problems. Workers breathing it in often end up coughing or wheezing by lunchtime. Over weeks and months, repeated exposure raises the chance of lung problems. Long-term inhalation links to bronchial irritation and, in documented cases, impacts on lung function—something no worker wants to bring home. Modern ventilation systems and fit-tested masks lower these risks, but all it takes is one mistake for a cloud of dust to do harm.
Routine blood tests in chemical plants sometimes reveal odd results for those working around biphenylfluorourea. Animal testing shows possible links to changes in liver or kidney function when exposure sails past safe levels. For people with weak immune systems, these effects hit even harder, upping the chance of more serious illnesses. Cancer research around this compound still asks more questions than it answers, but nobody wants to be the first test case. Those who live near industrial sites show concern about possible contamination through soil and water, as chemical run-off rarely stops at property lines.
It doesn’t stop with personal health. Fish exposed to biphenylfluorourea struggle with reproductive problems and changes in behavior, making this chemical a concern for anyone who values clean waterways. Communities depending on river or groundwater supplies pay attention when spills are reported upstream. Gardeners, anglers, and parents worry about potential poisoning, whether it’s from contaminated soil or water seeping into the food chain.
Fewer accidents happen in companies where workers get real, practical safety training, not just checklists. Staff who understand exactly what to do in an emergency prevent many of the worst outcomes. Chemical manufacturers have started switching toward closed-loop systems to keep dangerous powders out of open air. Spill response kits and regular environmental monitoring tackle leaks before they grow into full-scale disasters. Regulators in several countries demand ongoing testing for worker blood health and air quality inside factories, catching problems before they spiral.
Anyone working with or living near sites handling biphenylfluorourea deserves full truth and rapid response if something goes wrong. Open reporting, honest conversations and real accountability drive changes that keep everyone safe. Though biphenylfluorourea may never become a household name, vigilance and a focus on prevention save lives both in the plant and beyond the fence line.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 1,1'-Biphenyl-4-yl(fluoro)urea |
| Other names |
Biphenylfluorourea Fluobiprole |
| Pronunciation | /baɪˈfiːnɪlˌflʊəroʊˈjʊərə/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 1778-96-9 |
| Beilstein Reference | 0968736 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:81564 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL418469 |
| ChemSpider | 16736640 |
| DrugBank | DB08230 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 36d7a925-1f0a-4bae-bfae-fd061e0d0417 |
| EC Number | 3.5.1.3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 913967 |
| KEGG | C11293 |
| MeSH | D017937 |
| PubChem CID | 20891777 |
| RTECS number | DY4550000 |
| UNII | 8HK99112F5 |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID2060176 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C13H11FN2O |
| Molar mass | 292.27 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.246 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble |
| log P | 3.9 |
| Vapor pressure | 3.1E-7 mmHg at 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | 13.94 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 10.7 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -75.0·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.626 |
| Dipole moment | 3.56 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 507.57 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -213.7 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | N05CM15 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Causes skin and eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P501 |
| Flash point | 180 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (rat, oral): 210 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose) of Biphenylfluorourea: **463 mg/kg (rat, oral)** |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.01 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Biphenyl Phenylurea Fluorourea |
