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Chemical Name: Benzenediazonium Nitrate
Synonyms: Diazotized benzene nitrate, Benzenediazonium nitrate salt
CAS Number: 4774-18-5
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemical, intermediate for organic synthesis
Manufacturer: Chemical supply distributors, research laboratories
Emergency Contact: Access local poison control or chemical emergency services for immediate response
Classification: Explosive solid, oxidizer, acute toxicant
Hazard Pictograms: Exploding bomb, skull and crossbones, health hazard, exclamation mark
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Can explode under certain conditions; causes severe irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; risk of acute toxicity if inhaled or ingested;
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with heat, sparks, or open flames; store away from incompatible substances; use in a fume hood with protective equipment; never inhale dust or vapors; consult poisoning resources if accidental exposure occurs
Chemical Identity: Benzenediazonium Nitrate
Purity: Typically greater than 98% in laboratory samples
Impurities: Possible traces of unreacted aniline derivatives and nitric acid remnants
Molecular Formula: C6H5N2NO3
Molecular Weight: 180.12 g/mol
Substance Type: Organic diazonium compound, nitrate salt
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately; keep at rest and supply oxygen if breathing is difficult; seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash skin vigorously with mild soap and copious amounts of running water; remove contaminated clothing; consult healthcare if irritation or burns develop
Eye Contact: Flush eyes cautiously with a gentle stream of clean water for at least fifteen minutes; hold eyelids open to ensure thorough washing; seek eye specialist assessment
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water only if conscious; do not induce vomiting; call poison control center or medical services without delay
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, fog, or foam for small fires; avoid dry chemicals or carbon dioxide that can intensify reaction
Special Hazards: Product may decompose explosively under fire conditions; generates toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide
Firefighting Instructions: Evacuate non-emergency personnel; approach fire from upwind; wear self-contained breathing apparatus and explosion-resistant protection; cool surrounding containers exposed to heat using water
Explosion Risk: Sensitive to shock, friction, and heat; can detonate unexpectedly in confined spaces
Personal Precautions: Evacuate untrained personnel from the contamination zone; use non-sparking tools; ventilate the area forcibly using mechanical fans
Protective Equipment: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, splash-proof goggles, flame-resistant lab coats; respiratory protection for dust or vapor exposures
Clean-Up Procedures: Scoop up using inert material such as dry sand; avoid generating dust; place in suitable disposal containers; wash residues away with large amounts of water if safe to do so
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spilled material from entering sewers, stormwater drains, or waterways; alert environmental response units for large releases
Handling Guidance: Carry out transfers inside explosion-proof fume hoods; ground all equipment to eliminate static electricity; minimize quantities handled at one time
Storage Recommendations: Store in original, tightly sealed containers; keep in secure, explosion-proof cabinets with cool, dry, well-ventilated conditions; separate from acids, bases, reducers, flammables, organics, combustibles, and sunlight
Special Considerations: Label storage areas clearly with hazard signage; maintain access controls; inspect containers regularly for leaks or deterioration
Engineering Controls: Work in local exhaust fume hoods; install explosion-proof ventilation and air filtration devices
Occupational Exposure Limits: No specific regulatory limits for this compound; treat as a highly hazardous material with strict exposure minimization
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear splash-resistant goggles, nitrile or neoprene gloves, impermeable laboratory coats, chemical-resistant shoes, and, in high-risk situations, full-face respirators or powered air-purifying respirators
Hygiene Practices: Wash exposed skin and face thoroughly after handling; refrain from eating, drinking, or smoking in work areas
Appearance: Pale yellow to light brown crystalline powder
Odor: Mildly aromatic or nearly odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes explosively before melting
Solubility: Moderately soluble in cold water, enhanced solubility in polar organic solvents
Boiling Point: Not applicable due to instability
Vapor Pressure: Not measurable; readily decomposes
pH: Slightly acidic (in solution)
Flash Point: Not applicable; detonates before ignition
Dust Explosion Risk: Substantial risk in suspended form
Chemical Stability: Thermally unstable; risk of spontaneous, violent decomposition at elevated temperatures or under mechanical shock
Incompatible Materials: Strong bases, strong acids, reducing agents, organic materials, combustible substances, catalytic metals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen gas, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, toxic oxides of nitrogen
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flame, sparks, friction, physical impact, prolonged storage beyond shelf-life, contact with incompatible chemicals
Acute Toxicity: Harmful or fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin due to formation of toxic diazonium ions; severe irritation of mucous membranes and respiratory tract
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, dermal, ocular
Symptoms of Exposure: Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, cyanosis, convulsions with large exposures; skin redness, blisters, or necrosis
Long-Term Health Effects: No comprehensive long-term studies, but diazonium salts possess known mutagenic and carcinogenic properties
Sensitization: May cause allergic responses in sensitive individuals upon repeated exposure
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates; releases nitrate ions which promote eutrophication
Terrestrial Impact: Persistence in soil is limited due to rapid decomposition, but breakdown products may be hazardous
Bioaccumulation Potential: Not significant for diazonium salts, but metabolites can be problematic
Mobility in Soil: High; product or degradation byproducts can leach if spilled
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release to external environments; contain and collect all residues safely
Waste Treatment Methods: Subject all residuals, containers, and contaminated absorbents to hazardous chemical protocols
Incineration: Only at licensed chemical incinerators equipped with afterburners and scrubbers
Landfill Suitability: Not appropriate due to explosion risk and leaching potential
Precautions: Consult local and national regulations, chemical control agencies, waste handlers; neutralize chemicals under supervison of experienced professionals before disposal
UN Number: 1514
UN Proper Shipping Name: Benzenediazonium Nitrate
Transport Hazard Class: 5.1 (oxidizer), 1.1 (explosive, if purity exceeds threshold)
Packing Group: I (high danger)
Special Transport Precautions: Use approved E-X class containers with cushioning against shock; prohibit all transport with flammables or combustibles; placard vehicles with hazardous cargo warnings; train handlers in emergency response procedures
OSHA Status: Treated as highly hazardous chemical under Process Safety Management in laboratory settings
EPA Status: Not listed under specific RCRA codes; many state jurisdictions treat as acutely hazardous waste
TSCA Status: May not appear on publicly accessible lists, but is a recognized research compound
International Regulations: Listed as a dangerous good by ADR/RID, IATA, IMDG; various countries restrict import, export, handling and disposal of diazonium compounds
SARA Title III Sections 302/304: May be subject to emergency planning and release notification rules depending on storage volume
