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Chemical Name: Acetylsalicylic Acid
Synonyms: Aspirin; 2-Acetoxybenzoic acid
CAS Number: 50-78-2
Product Use: Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory medication
Manufacturer: Major pharmaceutical manufacturers and chemical suppliers
Emergency Phone: Local Poison Control Center or regional emergency services hotline
Recommended Restrictions: Not for use in individuals with known allergy to NSAIDs or children with viral infections
Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Eye irritation, Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure, repeated exposure)
Main Hazards: May cause irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Toxic if swallowed or inhaled in large amounts; Potential to cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, Health Hazard
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed or inhaled; Causes serious eye irritation; May cause respiratory irritation; Prolonged exposure can affect liver, kidneys, and central nervous system
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust; Wash thoroughly after handling; Wear protective gloves and eye protection; Store in well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances
Component: Acetylsalicylic Acid
Purity: Typically over 99%
Impurities: Trace amounts of salicylic acid, acetic acid, and water
Hazardous Ingredients: No other hazardous components present at or above relevant thresholds
Inhalation: Move to fresh air promptly; If breathing is difficult, seek immediate medical help
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water for several minutes; Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; Continue rinsing and seek medical attention if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel; Seek medical advice right away, especially if a large quantity is swallowed
Most Important Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, gastric pain, respiratory irritation, ringing in ears, confusion in severe overdose
Advice for Physicians: Treat symptomatically; Activated charcoal may be used in significant ingestions; Monitor for metabolic acidosis and manage as indicated
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam
Specific Hazards: Aspirin dust may form explosive mixtures with air; Combustion releases irritating fumes of acetic acid and phenolic compounds
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
Firefighting Instructions: Move containers from fire area if safe; Cool exposed containers with water
Decomposition Products: Acetic acid, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, phenols
Personal Precautions: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing; Use personal protective equipment recommended for handling chemicals
Environmental Precautions: Prevent powder from entering drains, water courses, or soil
Spill Cleanup Methods: Use HEPA vacuum or damp sweeping to collect spilled powder; Place in suitable, labeled container for disposal; Wash area thoroughly after cleanup
Protective Equipment: Chemical resistant gloves, safety goggles, lab coat or apron, dust mask if airborne dust is likely
Handling: Minimize generation of dust and avoid inhalation; Use only with adequate ventilation; Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face before breaks and after handling; Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place; Keep containers tightly closed; Store away from moisture, strong oxidizers, and strong bases
Incompatibilities: Moisture, strong acids, strong bases, oxidizing agents
Occupational Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA or ACGIH exposure limits established for acetylsalicylic acid; Use general workplace limits for dust
Engineering Controls: Ensure adequate ventilation, especially in confined areas; Use local exhaust ventilation if dust levels are high
Personal Protective Equipment: Protective gloves (nitrile or latex), safety goggles, lab coat or apron, approved dust mask or respiratory protection if dust exposure is likely
Environmental Controls: Prevent release to the environment and provide adequate spill containment
Appearance: White, crystalline powder or small, odorless granules
Odor: Very faint acetic odor
Molecular Formula: C9H8O4
Molecular Weight: 180.16 g/mol
Melting Point: 135°C (275°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, readily soluble in ethanol and ether
pH: Acidic, around pH 2-3 in aqueous suspension
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 1.19
Flash Point: Not applicable; decomposes
Auto-Ignition Temperature: >600°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under standard dry storage conditions
Reactivity: May hydrolyze in presence of moist air or water, forming salicylic acid and acetic acid
Conditions to Avoid: Moisture, excessive heat, exposure to air for extended periods
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong bases, acids, iron salts
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Acetic acid, salicylic acid, phenols, carbon oxides
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat) 200 mg/kg
Skin/Eye Irritation: May cause mild to moderate irritation, especially if exposed for prolonged periods
Symptoms: Gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, ringing in the ears, drowsiness, confusion, hyperventilation at toxic doses
Chronic Effects: Kidney and liver damage with prolonged high exposure; Blood disorders possible
Sensitization: Allergic reactions have occurred in sensitive individuals
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Reproductive Effects: Risk of fetal harm not excluded in large doses, especially during late pregnancy
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms in high concentrations; Practically nontoxic in environmental concentrations usually encountered
Persistence and Degradability: Degrades fairly rapidly in water and soil, but breakdown products (salicylic acid, acetic acid) may persist
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low; does not tend to accumulate significantly in organisms
Mobility in Soil: Moderate mobility
Other Adverse Effects: No major widespread ecological impact if handled and disposed properly; Avoid large releases into water systems
Disposal Methods: Collect waste in labeled, sealed containers; Dispose of as non-halogenated organic waste or in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers may contain residues; Treat as hazardous chemical waste
Special Precautions: Do not allow material to reach drains or water sources; Avoid discharge into the environment
UN Number: Not classified as dangerous for transport under most regional regulations
Proper Shipping Name: Acetylsalicylic Acid
Transport Hazard Class: Not applicable; not designated as flammable, explosive, or corrosive for shipping
Packing Group: Not regulated
Environmental Hazards During Transport: Not a marine pollutant, but avoid accidental release
Special Precautions: Package securely to avoid dust release or moisture exposure; Handle with care to prevent breakage
US Regulations: Listed on TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) inventory; Not subject to SARA Title III Section 313 reporting
EU Regulations: Listed in EINECS/ELINCS inventory; Subject to REACH registration requirements
Other Global Inventories: Listed on Canada DSL/NDSL, Australia AICS, China IECSC, Japan ENCS, Korea KECI, Philippines PICCS
Labeling Requirements: Comply with local and regional label regulations for workplace chemicals; Label containers for health and environmental hazards
Occupational Restrictions: Regulated under workplace safety rules; Not classified as a controlled drug
