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Product Name: Antimony Pentachloride
Synonyms: Antimony(V) chloride, Antimony chloride (SbCl5)
Chemical Formula: SbCl5
Molecular Weight: 299.01 g/mol
CAS Number: 7647-18-9
Recommended Uses: Catalyst in organic synthesis, chlorinating agent, analytical reagent, doping agent in electronics
Manufacturer/Distributor Contact: Emergency phone and address should be available through supplier documentation
Emergency Overview: Colorless to pale yellow fuming liquid with pungent, suffocating odor
Hazard Class: Corrosive; Acute Toxicity; Oxidizer
GHS Pictograms: Corrosion, Skull and Crossbones, Flame over Circle
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; may cause respiratory irritation; may be fatal if inhaled or swallowed; strong oxidizer; contact with water liberates toxic gases (hydrochloric acid fumes); can decompose violently in contact with organic materials
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, mist, or gas; use protective equipment; do not allow contact with water or organic matter; wash thoroughly after handling
Chemical Name: Antimony Pentachloride
Concentration: 99–100%
CAS Number: 7647-18-9
Impurities: May contain trace hydrochloric acid or antimony oxychloride; potential for chloride-based byproducts
Ingredient Notes: No known stabilizing additives or hazardous contaminants in standard commercial grades
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Start artificial respiration if breathing has stopped. Call a physician or emergency medical services immediately.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek emergency medical attention.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present. Continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes and seek immediate medical assistance.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Call poison control or a physician immediately. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Symptoms and Effects: Severe burning sensations, coughing, headache, difficulty breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, skin and eye burns, possibly delayed pulmonary edema
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical powder or carbon dioxide. Do not use water or foam, as contact with water releases corrosive and toxic hydrochloric acid fumes.
Special Hazards: Product vigorously reacts with water, producing dense toxic fumes (HCl) and heat. Can accelerate fire in combustible materials.
Protective Equipment: Wear full protective suit, including self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and chemical-resistant clothing and gloves.
Further Information: Move containers away from fire area if it can be done safely. Cool unopened containers with dry material. Prevent runoff from entering drains or water courses.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area and ventilate. Wear chemical splash suit, gloves, boots, and face/eye protection, including respiratory protection. Avoid inhalation and contact with skin or eyes.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spill from entering water courses, sewage, and confined spaces; inform authorities if environmental contamination occurs.
Spill Containment and Cleanup: Absorb small spill with dry lime, soda ash, or inert absorbent. Scoop up contaminated material and place in tightly closed container for disposal. Flush area with soda ash solution, then water. Do not allow contact with moisture or combustibles.
Handling: Ensure strict use of local exhaust ventilation. Keep away from moisture, organic materials, and incompatible chemicals. Open containers only in fume hood or with adequate ventilation. Wash hands and exposed skin after handling.
Storage: Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant container under dry, cool, well-ventilated conditions. Isolate from water, bases, alcohols, and combustible materials. Keep locked up and clearly labeled. Protect from physical damage and direct sunlight. Regularly inspect storage area for leaks or corrosion.
Occupational Exposure Limits: Antimony and compounds (as antimony): OSHA PEL: 0.5 mg/m3 TWA; ACGIH TLV: 0.5 mg/m3 TWA
Engineering Controls: Use acid-resistant local exhaust ventilation; chemical fume hood strongly recommended. Implement spill containment and emergency eyewash/shower stations.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear full chemical-resistant gloves (butyl rubber or neoprene), rubber apron, splash-proof goggles, and face shield. Use respiratory protection if dust or vapor present. Remove contaminated clothing immediately; launder before reuse.
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish, oily liquid with strong, pungent odor
Odor: Highly irritating, suffocating
Melting Point: -8.2°C (17.2°F)
Boiling Point: 140.1°C (284°F)
Density: 2.347 g/cm3 at 25°C
Vapor Pressure: 1.6 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Decomposes in water, forming hydrochloric acid
pH: Not applicable (decomposes in water)
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Volatility: Moderately high; emits fumes in moist air
Autoignition Temperature: Not flammable but supports combustion of other materials
Chemical Stability: Reacts rapidly with water, moist air, and many organic substances; stable only under dry, controlled conditions.
Hazardous Reactions: Violent exothermic reactions occur with water, alcohols, organic materials, strong bases, and some metals.
Incompatible Materials: Water, organic solvents, strong bases, metals such as aluminum, potassium, sodium; strong oxidizing or reducing agents
Decomposition Products: Hydrochloric acid gas, antimony oxychlorides, antimony trioxide, and toxic metal chlorides; fume liberation highly hazardous
Polymerization: Will not polymerize
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin, and eye contact
Acute Effects: Severe burns of mucous membranes, skin, eyes; severe lung damage following inhalation; gastrointestinal distress if ingested; possible death at high exposures
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure linked with antimony poisoning (dermatitis, conjunctivitis, anemia, liver and kidney damage), chronic respiratory irritation, possible reproductive toxicity
LD50 / LC50: Data sparse for pure SbCl5; antimony trichloride LD50 (rat, oral) 1,036 mg/kg provides a rough reference; inhalation much more dangerous
Carcinogenicity: IARC Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans for antimony compounds); ACGIH: not classifiable for SbCl5 alone
Additional Information: No safe margin for oral, inhalational, or dermal exposure; repeated exposure can sensitize or permanently injure
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic life; rapid hydrolysis forms persistent, bioavailable antimony species
Toxicity to Soil Organisms: Alters soil microflora, inhibits plant growth, persistent in environment
Persistence and Degradability: Not readily biodegradable; conversion to antimony oxides/chlorides in water creates long-term contamination
Bioaccumulation Potential: Risk of biomagnification in aquatic organisms; antimony compounds known to move through food chain
Other Adverse Effects: Can acidify water bodies and soils upon spill or leaching; authorities require immediate containment of releases
Disposal Methods: Treat as hazardous waste; incinerate only in chemical incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber, or dispose in approved waste landfill following all applicable regulations
Precautions: Do not dispose with regular trash or down drain; neutralize residues before disposal using appropriate chemical waste procedures
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse containers, treat rinsate as hazardous waste, render containers unusable before landfilling or recycling where authorized
National/Local Regulations: Comply with RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act), EPA, and local guidelines for antimony and chlorinated metal wastes
UN Number: UN 1730
Proper Shipping Name: Antimony Pentachloride
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), 6.1 (Toxic)
Packing Group: I (indicates highest level of danger)
Marine Pollutant: Yes
Transport Labeling: Corrosive, Toxic, Marine Pollutant; use certified corrosion-resistant containers
Special Transport Precautions: Keep upright, separated from water and incompatible substances during transit; secure against tipping and protect from physical damage in transit
OSHA Status: Regulated as hazardous chemical; ensure workers have access to written hazard communication, training, and emergency plans
TSCA: Listed
SARA (Title III): Listed under Section 313 as toxic chemical (antimony compounds); subject to inventory reporting
CERCLA: Subject to reporting requirements if spill exceeds reportable quantity
REACH/CLP (EU): Requires registration and classification for import/production in EU; classified as corrosive, toxic, environmentally hazardous
Canadian WHMIS: D1A (very toxic), D2B (toxic), E (corrosive material)
Other National and International Rules: Check all relevant country, state, and local regulatory obligations before use, handling, or disposal
