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Product Name: Ammonium Nitrite
Chemical Formula: NH4NO2
Synonyms: Nitrous acid, ammonium salt
CAS Number: 13446-48-5
Use: Research reagent, chemical synthesis
Supplier: Contact your chemical supplier for specific information
Contact Information: Emergency phone numbers and address should be provided by chemical distributor
Hazard Classification: Oxidizing solid, Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation)
Hazard Symbols: Exploding bomb, exclamation mark, health hazard
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: May explode under prolonged exposure to heat, strong oxidizer, toxic if swallowed, harmful if inhaled or absorbed through skin; can cause irritation to respiratory system, eyes, and skin
Precautionary Statements: Avoid all contact, keep away from heat and ignition sources, store in a tightly closed original package
Target Organs: Blood, kidneys, liver, central nervous system
Chemical Identity: Ammonium nitrite
Concentration: >98%
Impurities: Trace amounts of ammonium nitrate or nitrite possible, depending on synthesis route
EC Number: 236-899-7
Molecular Weight: 64.06 g/mol
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately, keep comfortable, support breathing if needed, seek medical advice without delay
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse exposed skin thoroughly with water and soap, wash before reuse, seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if possible, avoid rubbing, get medical help right away
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, give water to dilute if conscious, seek medical attention promptly
Symptoms: Drowsiness, headache, cyanosis, nausea, difficulty breathing
Medical Note: Treatment should address methemoglobinemia if suspected, administer oxygen
Suitable Extinguishing Agents: Flood fire area with water from a distance, do not use dry chemicals or foam
Fire Hazards: Strong oxidizer, reacts with combustible materials, risk of explosion
Hazardous Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides, ammonia gas, toxic fumes
Firefighter Precautions: Use full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus, prevent runoff from entering water sources
Explosion Risks: Shock, friction, and heat can cause violent decomposition
Personal Precautions: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and respirator, stay upwind of spill, evacuate unnecessary personnel
Environmental Precautions: Prevent product from entering drains, surface water, or soil
Containment: Isolate spill area, collect using non-combustible absorbent, avoid contact with organic material
Cleanup: Gather in sealable non-reactive containers for safe disposal, wash area thoroughly after cleanup
Spill Reporting: Notify authorities per local regulations
Handling: Handle inside chemical fume hood, use only non-sparking tools, avoid any friction or impact, minimize dust formation, wash hands after contact
Storage: Keep in cool, well-ventilated place, store only in original containers made of compatible materials, separate from acids, reducing agents, combustibles, tightly closed to prevent contamination
Special Requirements: Ground and bond containers during transfer, post warning signs on storage locations, routine inspection for leaks or signs of deterioration
Control Limits: No specific occupational exposure limits established for ammonium nitrite; maintain exposure as low as possible
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hood, safety showers and eyewash stations nearby, good general ventilation
Personal Protection: Dust mask or respirator (NIOSH-approved), chemical safety goggles, gloves (nitrile, neoprene), lab coat or chemical apron, closed-toe shoes
Monitoring: Air monitoring for nitrate and nitrite compounds in work areas, regular health checks for frequently exposed staff
Appearance: Pale yellow crystalline solid
Odor: Slight ammonia smell
pH (aqueous solution): Acidic to neutral
Melting Point: Decomposes at 60-70°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable, decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Readily soluble in water
Vapor Pressure: Not measured due to decomposition
Density: 1.7 g/cm³ (approximate)
Other: Decomposes rapidly when heated, can release toxic gases
Chemical Stability: Unstable, decomposes at room temperature if not kept cool, decomposition accelerates rapidly with heat
Hazardous Reactions: Violent reactions with reducing agents, acids, and combustible materials
Incompatible Materials: Organic substances, phosphorus, powdered metals, strong acids, strong bases, sulfur
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, ammonia, toxic fumes
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flames, friction, impact, static electricity
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, eye contact
Acute Effects: Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, causes methemoglobinemia, headaches, dizziness, vomiting, blue lips or skin from hypoxia
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure can lead to anemia, kidney or liver damage
LD50 (oral, rat): 200 mg/kg
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Other Effects: Risk to those with G6PD deficiency increased
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life, can cause eutrophication in waterways
Persistence and Degradability: Unstable in natural conditions, breaks down into ammonium and nitrites, which are hazardous at high concentrations
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate, but byproducts can disrupt ecosystems
Soil Impact: Can alter soil chemistry, harm beneficial organisms, induce plant toxicity if concentrations become elevated
Special Precautions: Limit release to sewers, water bodies; coordinate with local environmental agencies before any disposal
Waste Disposal: Dispose of in accordance with national and local regulations, use licensed hazardous waste contractor
Unused Product: Do not attempt to neutralize on-site; segregate and label clearly, arrange for professional hazardous waste pickup
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse and treat as hazardous waste, never reuse for other purposes
Considerations: Never pour down drain, do not landfill unless permitted under strict regulation
UN Number: UN 2995
Shipping Name: Ammonium nitrite, solid
Hazard Class: 5.1 (Oxidizer)
Packing Group: II
Labels Required: Oxidizer, toxic
Special Provisions: Must be shipped under temperature control, in approved containers, strict segregation from fuels and reactive chemicals
Transport Precautions: Notify handlers of risk, avoid rough handling, keep away from direct sunlight and vibration
OSHA Status: Regulated as hazardous chemical
EPA Status: Listed under CERCLA and SARA Title III; reportable quantities apply
Other Regulations: Transport of Dangerous Goods (TDG), International Air Transport Association (IATA), International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) code all classify as dangerous good
Workplace Regulations: Sites using ammonium nitrite require chemical safety plans, documented staff training, regular audits
Consumer Use: Not approved for household purposes, laboratory and industrial use only
