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Chemical Name: Acrylic Acid (Stabilized)
Chemical Family: Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid
Synonyms: 2-Propenoic Acid
Molecular Formula: C3H4O2
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a sharply pungent, acrid odor typical of acidic substances
Uses: Paints, adhesives, coatings, textiles, superabsorbent polymers
Routes of Exposure: Skin contact, inhalation, ingestion, eye contact
Hazards: Causes severe skin and eye burns, respiratory tract irritation, can trigger allergic reactions and possibly severe asthma in sensitive individuals, flammable liquid and vapor, corrosive to tissue, risk of fire and explosion under certain storage conditions, vapor harmful and can cause headache, dizziness, or nausea
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Flame, Corrosion, Exclamation Mark, Environment
Acrylic Acid: Concentration typically ranges between 98-99 percent in stabilized solutions
Stabilizer Component: Often methoxyhydroquinone introduced to control reactivity and prevent spontaneous polymerization in storage and transit
Notable Impurities: Can include small amounts of water, acetic acid or polymerization inhibitors depending on supplier and storage history
Inhalation: Move individual into fresh air immediately, loosen restrictive clothing, support breathing as needed, seek medical attention quickly due to risk of delayed pulmonary effects
Skin Contact: Wash with abundant running water and mild soap, remove contaminated clothing, get medical evaluation in case of persistent irritation or chemical burn
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing, immediate emergency care due to risk of vision damage
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid inducing vomiting, give water only if victim is fully conscious, urgent medical attention required
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, or carbon dioxide, avoid using water jet as it may spread the fire
Fire Hazards: Acrylic acid vapor can form explosive mixtures with air above its flash point, fire can produce toxic and corrosive fumes such as carbon monoxide, acrylic acid polymers, and other acids
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters need full chemical protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus due to toxic vapor risk
Advice: Remove containers from fire area if possible and safe, cool with water spray to prevent rupture
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel, use appropriate protective equipment, ventilate affected areas, prevent inhalation and skin contact
Methods for Containment: Stop leak if safe, dike or absorb spill with inert material such as sand or earth, avoid use of combustible absorbents like sawdust
Clean-up Procedures: Carefully collect residue, place in suitable labeled chemical waste containers, wash contaminated area thoroughly with plenty of water
Environmental Precautions: Do everything possible to prevent entry into waterways, sewers, or soil due to toxic and corrosive effects on aquatic life
Handling: Keep away from ignition sources, ground and bond containers for liquid transfers, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas, avoid inhaling vapors or allowing skin contact
Storage: Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, segregate from incompatible substances like strong alkalis and oxidizers, stabilize with inhibitor to prevent hazardous polymerization
Other Notes: Avoid prolonged storage, monitor for temperature rises which could signal polymerization, inspect storage regularly for leaks and corrosion
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation or fume hoods, keep air concentrations below recommended occupational exposure limits (for acrylic acid, typically 2 ppm as an 8-hour TWA)
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical resistant gloves (such as nitrile), full face shields or goggles for splash risk, flame-retardant clothing, respiratory protection (NIOSH-approved respirator) for confirmed airborne exposure, rubber boots, emergency showers and eyewash stations nearby
State: Liquid at room temperature
Odor: Sharp, acrid, penetrating
Boiling Point: About 141°C
Melting Point: Around 13°C
Flash Point: Roughly 50°C (closed cup)
Solubility: Soluble in water with likely exothermic reaction; also soluble in ethanol and acetone
Density: About 1.05 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: Moderate, increases with temperature
Viscosity: Relatively low compared to many other acids
pH: Strongly acidic in aqueous solution
Chemical Stability: Stable when properly stabilized and stored under recommended conditions, prone to rapid polymerization if inhibitor is depleted or heat exposure increases
Incompatible Materials: Alkalis, oxidizing agents, amines, bases, metal powders, especially iron, copper, and brass due to risk of exothermic reactions or polymerization
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Polymerization generates heat and can cause container rupture, fire, or explosion; thermal decomposition produces acrid fumes and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Conditions to Avoid: Elevated temperatures, sunlight, absence of inhibitor, storage near reactive chemicals
Acute Toxicity: Corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory mucosa, inhalation can cause coughing, inflammation, pulmonary edema, ingestion severely damages gastrointestinal tract
Sensitization: Well-documented cases of allergic skin reactions and asthma triggered by repeated exposure
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure linked to chronic respiratory issues, dermatitis, possible kidney or liver impacts
Reported Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic according to most regulatory agencies when stabilized and handled properly, but chronic exposure to vapors should always be minimized through engineering controls and protective gear
Environmental Fate: Volatilizes and breaks down fairly quickly in air due to photochemical processes, but persistence in soil and water can lead to significant toxicity in aquatic organisms
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to fish and invertebrates even at low concentrations, strong potential to disrupt local ecosystems upon significant spill
Bioaccumulation: Low potential in higher animals and humans but can be harmful to organisms at the base of the food chain, oxygen depletion possible if spilled in enclosed waterways
Preferred Method: Incineration at authorized facilities equipped to handle hazardous waste, must comply with local and national environmental laws
Other Guidance: Small quantities may be neutralized carefully with alkaline materials but only by trained professionals, contaminated packaging warrants special handling to avoid gas release, acrylic acid waste should not be poured down the drain or into general refuse due to its corrosive and toxic profile
Proper Shipping Name: Acrylic Acid, Stabilized
Hazard Class: Flammable liquid, toxic and corrosive substance
Packing Group: II (medium danger), should include inhibitor in solution
Special Precautions: Transport in secure, labeled containers with temperature and inhibitor monitoring during longer journeys, keep away from sources of ignition or incompatible chemicals, emergency cards or instructions accompany bulk shipments
Worker Safety Regulations: Subject to strict occupational exposure limits set by agencies such as OSHA and national equivalents, labeling and hazard communication requirements established under GHS
Environmental Regulations: Spills and emissions require prompt reporting to environmental authorities, loading and unloading areas covered by hazardous material control rules
Restrictions: Use in consumer products strictly limited, industrial processes demand trained personnel, regular risk assessments and audits form key part of compliance routines
