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Product Name: 4-Nitrophenol Synonyms: p-Nitrophenol, para-Nitrophenol Chemical Formula: C6H5NO3 Molecular Weight: 139.11 g/mol CAS Number: 100-02-7 Recommended Uses: Laboratory research, intermediate in chemical synthesis, production of dyes and pesticides Supplier: Commercial chemical distributors, laboratory supply companies Contact Information: Emergency numbers for chemical spills, fire hazards, and health incidents often available through supplier safety offices
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Dermal), Category 3; Eye Damage, Category 1; Skin Irritation, Category 2; Aquatic Acute Hazard, Category 1 Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, Exclamation mark, Environment Signal Word: Danger Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin; causes serious eye damage; causes skin irritation; very toxic to aquatic life Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust or fumes; wear protective gear; prevent release to environment; wash exposed skin thoroughly after handling Emergency Overview: Strong yellow solid with potential health hazards on exposure to skin, eyes, or if ingested
Chemical Name: 4-Nitrophenol Purity: Over 98% Impurities: Trace organics typical of laboratory-grade batches Additional Components: None in pure form Mixture: No significant stabilizers or solvents added in standard pure samples
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air quickly, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, seek prompt medical attention Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately, rinse skin thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, seek medical advice especially if irritation persists Eye Contact: Rinse eyes promptly with plenty of water for several minutes, lifting eyelids to ensure complete irrigation, get medical help without delay Ingestion: Rinse mouth if conscious, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel, give water if able to swallow, immediate medical attention is crucial Most important symptoms: Burning, irritation, headaches, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, cyanosis Immediate medical attention required for: Shortness of breath, persistent skin or eye pain, swallowed significant quantity
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, use water spray to cool containers Unsuitable Media: Avoid solid water streams directed at product Hazardous Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, toxic fumes Specific Hazards: Containers can burst in intense heat, combustion may produce irritant or toxic gases Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective clothing Special Procedures: Evacuate area, use water spray to reduce vapor/dust; stay upwind of fire location
Personal Precautions: Wear respiratory protection, chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, avoid breathing dust or fumes, do not touch spilled material Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, soil, and drainage systems; alert environmental authorities if spill threatens natural habitats Method of Containment: Carefully sweep up or shovel material without creating dust, collect in a clean, dry labeled container Cleanup Procedures: Mop up residues with damp cloth, dispose of waste according to local regulations; ventilate contaminated area
Safe Handling Practices: Work in fume hoods or well-ventilated areas, avoid generating dust, wear required PPE, wash hands thoroughly after use Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, tightly closed containers, away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and reducing agents Maximum Storage Temperature: Not higher than room temperature Incompatibilities: Strong bases, strong acids, reducing agents Special Storage Requirements: Separate from foodstuffs and animal feed; keep away from sunlight and heat sources
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL and ACGIH TLV not specifically assigned, but similar toxic agents suggest exercising great caution Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust to minimize airborne exposure, safety showers, eyewash stations nearby Respiratory Protection: Approved NIOSH/MSHA respirator for particulates Skin Protection: Impervious gloves, long sleeves, closed shoes Eye Protection: Chemical safety goggles or full-face shield Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face before breaks and after work, prohibit food and drink in work areas
Appearance: Bright yellow crystalline solid Odor: Slight, phenolic Melting Point: 113–114°C Boiling Point: 279°C Solubility: 12.4 g/L in water at 25°C, more soluble in hot water Density: 1.48 g/cm³ Vapor Pressure: 0.00038 mmHg at 25°C pH: 5.0 (saturated solution) Partition Coefficient (log Pow): 1.91 Flash Point: > 113°C (closed cup) Autoignition Temperature: 550°C Evaporation Rate: Not applicable for solids
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions, but sensitive to light Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flames, moisture, UV exposure Materials to Avoid: Strong oxidizers, reducing agents, strong bases, acids Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrous gases, phenolic vapors, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Will not polymerize, but may react violently with some incompatible substances
Acute Toxicity (oral LD50, rat): 248 mg/kg Acute Toxicity (dermal LD50, rabbit): About 580 mg/kg Inhalation: May cause respiratory irritation, coughing, cyanosis on prolonged exposure Skin contact: Irritant; repeated exposure can cause dermatitis or chemical burns Eye contact: Extreme irritation, possible eye damage Chronic Exposure: Risk of methemoglobinemia, liver and kidney effects from extended contact Symptoms of Overexposure: Dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, blue lips or fingers, fatigue Carcinogenicity: Not considered carcinogenic by major agencies at current exposure levels Mutagenicity: Evidence suggests weak mutagenic potential in some animal studies
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms such as fish and invertebrates (LC50 values below 10 mg/L for many species) Degradability: Not rapidly biodegradable, persists for long periods in sediment and water systems Bioaccumulation: Moderate potential shown, log Pow suggests potential for uptake in organisms Mobility in Soil: Leaching possible in sandy or low-organic soils, risk to groundwater if released in significant quantities Adverse Environmental Effects: Shown to disrupt metabolic processes in aquatic life, including enzyme inhibition at low concentrations
Waste Disposal: Dispose of as hazardous chemical waste through licensed disposal contractors, do not flush to drain Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse, then manage as hazardous waste Precautions for Disposal: Wear recommended protection during handling, keep in sealed, correctly labeled containers Regulatory Approach: Follow regional, national, and local laws for disposal
UN Number: 1663 UN Proper Shipping Name: 4-Nitrophenol Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances) Packing Group: III Labeling: Toxic Special Transport Precautions: Keep containers upright and secured; avoid transport with incompatible substances; emergency procedures in case of leakage should accompany shipments Environmental Hazards: Environmentally hazardous substance, marine pollutant
USA: Listed on TSCA Inventory, subject to SARA Title III reporting for significant releases EU: Classified as hazardous under REACH and CLP regulations; requires safety assessment for workplace and environmental release Canada: Domestic Substances List, WHMIS D1A, D1B Japan: Law for the Control of Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Australia: Listed in Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS) Other Global Regulations: Stringent workplace exposure monitoring common in industrialized nations; often requires environmental monitoring at emission points Hazard Phrases: Complies with numerous national and international hazard communication standards
