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Product Name: 4-Nitrobiphenyl
Synonyms: p-Nitrobiphenyl, 4-Nitro-1,1'-biphenyl
Chemical Formula: C12H9NO2
Molecular Weight: 199.21 g/mol
CAS Number: 92-93-3
Manufacturer: Refer to supplier or importer details from purchase documentation
Recommended Use: Organic synthesis, chemical research, industrial applications as an intermediate
GHS Classification: Carcinogenicity (Category 1B), Acute Toxicity—Oral (Category 4), Skin Irritant (Category 2), Eye Irritant (Category 2A)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: May cause cancer by inhalation, skin absorption, or ingestion; Harmful if swallowed; Causes skin irritation; Causes serious eye irritation
Precautionary Statements: Obtain special instructions before use; Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection; Avoid breathing dust, vapor, or spray; Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas; Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, eye contact
Symptoms of Exposure: Nausea, weakness, dizziness, skin redness, irritation, coughing, eye watering
Chemical Name: 4-Nitrobiphenyl
Concentration: 98-100%
CAS Number: 92-93-3
Impurities and Stabilizing Additives: No significant impurities known, always check certificate of analysis for trace compounds potentially present due to process residues; no stabilizers typically added
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention for any breathing difficulties; administer oxygen if available and trained
Skin Contact: Wash with large amounts of water and soap; remove contaminated clothing and shoes; seek medical attention for persistent irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least fifteen minutes, lifting eyelids regularly; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; get medical advice
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water if person is conscious; seek immediate medical assistance
Medical Notes: Physician should monitor for delayed symptoms related to carcinogenic potential and internal organ involvement
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water stream on burning material can scatter powder
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, toxic aromatic fumes
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear; chemical resistant gloves, boots, and face shield advised
Specific Hazards: Dust may form explosive mixtures with air; hazardous decomposition expected under fire conditions
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unprotected personnel; ventilate area; avoid dust formation; use appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and respirators
Containment: Stop leak if safe to do so; use non-sparking tools
Cleanup Methods: Sweep up material with non-sparking tools, place in suitable closed containers for disposal; prevent spillage from entering drains, rivers, or soil
Environmental Precautions: Minimize spread of dust; report significant spills to environmental authorities
Safe Handling: Avoid all unnecessary exposure; avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact; use local exhaust ventilation; always handle in a fume hood or well-ventilated area
Storage Conditions: Keep container tightly closed in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place; protect from incompatible materials like strong oxidizers and acids
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidant agents, acids, reducing agents
Hygiene Precautions: Wash hands, forearms, and face thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke around the material
Engineering Controls: Handle only in areas with adequate ventilation, preferably chemical fume hood; establish eyewash stations and emergency showers nearby
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL (skin): 0.1 mg/m³ TWA as an occupational carcinogen; ACGIH TLV: 0.1 mg/m³ TWA
Personal Protective Equipment:
- Eyes: Chemical safety goggles
- Hands: Chemical-resistant gloves such as nitrile or neoprene
- Skin and Body: Lab coat, impermeable protective clothing
- Respiratory: Approved respirator for particulates and organic vapors if exposure risk exists
Appearance: Yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Faint, not distinctive
Odor Threshold: Not determined
Melting Point: 124-126°C
Boiling Point: 346°C
Flash Point: 193°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Flammability: Not readily flammable, but fine dust can form explosive mixtures
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Vapor Density: Not available
Solubility in Water: Insoluble
Solubility in Solvents: Soluble in hot organic solvents (benzene, toluene, ethanol)
Density: 1.25 g/cm³
pH: Not applicable
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, incompatible substances
Materials to Avoid: Oxidizing agents, acids, strong bases
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, toxic aromatic compounds
Polymerization: Does not self-polymerize
Acute Toxicity: Harmful if swallowed; likely LD50 (oral, rat): 113 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes skin irritation on contact, redness, and possible blistering
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes moderate to severe eye irritation
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization: Possible dermatitis or allergic reaction in sensitive individuals
Carcinogenicity: Classified as a Group 2A carcinogen by IARC; listed as a known carcinogen by OSHA and ACGIH
Mutagenicity and Reproductive Toxicity: Studies indicate mutagenic properties in experimental systems; inadequate evidence in reproductive toxicity
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure can lead to anemia, liver or kidney effects, increased cancer risk
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; possible bioaccumulation
Persistence and Degradability: Degradation in the environment is slow; compound may persist in soil and groundwater
Bioaccumulative Potential: Likely to concentrate in aquatic life
Mobility in Soil: Adsorbs to soil particulates; low mobility in water
Other Adverse Effects: Toxic effects recognized for algae, daphnia, and fish; spills or waste releases require prompt control to prevent ecosystem damage
Waste Disposal Methods: Collect and contain spill residues and waste in appropriate sealed, labeled containers; dispose of according to local, regional, and national hazardous waste regulations
Incineration: Incinerate in chemical incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber by approved waste contractor
Contaminated Packaging: Dispose of containers as hazardous waste; do not reuse or refill
Precautions: Do not release to environment or landfill; prevent material from entering drains, sewers, waterways
UN Number: UN 2811
UN Proper Shipping Name: Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (4-Nitrobiphenyl)
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant
Special Precautions for User: Handle packages carefully, avoid dust release, provide emergency response information
Transport Labels: Toxic; Environmentally hazardous substance
Regulatory Notes: Subject to strict national and international control measures for shipping
OSHA Status: Regulated as a hazardous and carcinogenic substance
TSCA Status: Listed on U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
SARA Title III: Section 313 listed; requires reporting for environmental release
RCRA Status: Listed hazardous waste (U091)
California Proposition 65: Listed as a chemical known to cause cancer
EU Regulations: Classified as Carcinogen Category 1B according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)
Other International Obligations: Complies with directives on carcinogens and dangerous substances under multiple national and international statutes
