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Chemistry has a way of reflecting the needs of its time, and 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate tells just that kind of story. Delving into its past shows a compound born during the wave of carbamate discovery through the middle of the 1900s, a chapter that kept both industry and academia busy. Carbamates, in general, quickly found footing in agriculture, medicine, and material science. The particular twist here—adding the dimethylamino and dimethylphenyl groups—didn’t happen out of chance. Scientists chased molecules that paired useful biological activity with manageable side effects, hoping for something potent that wouldn't stick around too long in the ecosystem. Over the years, as more became known about structure-activity relationships, this compound entered the conversation for roles in fields demanding tightly controlled reactivity.
This carbamate stands out for its tailored design. By merging a phenyl ring with two methyl groups plus a dimethylamino side group, along with a methylcarbamate ester, it brings together properties that are rarely seen side-by-side. It isn’t one of your typical off-the-shelf chemicals, but rather an intermediate or specialty product, catching the eye of those looking to modify reactivity in a predictable direction. Its form and function have been tapped by those developing advanced pesticides, specific pharmacological agents, and chemical probes for research. In the lab, the compound often plays a supporting role, rather than serving as a final solution, but what it brings to the table—selectivity and modified metabolic activity—can matter a lot.
The backbone of this molecule is its sturdy aromatic ring. With two methyl groups, the ring gains bulk and some hydrophobicity, which influences how this carbamate handles itself in different environments. The dimethylamino side group adds electron density, impacting both electronic properties and solubility. The carbamate ester isn’t just cosmetic; it makes the compound reactive enough for targeted hydrolysis but stable enough for handling and storage under the right conditions. It resists breakdown under most indoor conditions, but it doesn’t fare as well in strong acid or with persistent exposure to water. In practical terms, you see a powder or sometimes a sticky solid, usually with some modest solubility in organic solvents, limited in water.
Manufacturers who handle this chemical take labeling seriously, and for good reasons. Precise notations, CAS numbers, and warnings about both storage and hazards appear on every legitimate container. It’s not just red tape—it means safe handling is possible and accidental exposure or misuse less likely. Typical specs include purity over 98 percent for research or industrial use, with pages of chromatographic data for those needing assurance. Labeling puts hazard symbols in focus—so lab techs and workers know to use gloves, goggles, and avoid eating or drinking nearby. It’s the law in many countries, and it’s shaped by experience, not just regulation.
Synthesizing 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate doesn’t call for obscure starting materials but requires a sharp eye for process control. Chemists start with the right 3,5-dimethyl aniline, introducing the dimethylamino function, usually by alkylation. Formation of the carbamate group follows, often using methyl isocyanate or similar reagents. These reactions don’t leave much room for error; careful purification, such as silica gel chromatography or recrystallization, ensures the final product is free of toxic leftover reagents. The process hammers home the need for good engineering controls and tight supervision. I’ve seen more than a few slip-ups lead to lost yields or cleanup headaches, making respect for the details absolutely non-negotiable.
Armed with a carbamate ester and a modifiable aromatic ring, this molecule becomes a playground for synthetic chemists. Carbamate hydrolysis under acidic or basic conditions splits the molecule in two, a trick useful for drug development or for breaking down pesticide residues in environmental studies. Electrochemical and nucleophilic aromatic substitutions showcase the role played by the bulky dimethylamino group—the very feature that lets researchers introduce site-specific changes for probes or advanced intermediates. These properties make the molecule adaptable, allowing tweaks to its pharmacology or toxicity by swapping out side chains or shifting substitution patterns. What stands out from personal experience is that the flexibility rarely means a free pass—it takes patience and investment in controls to shape the outcome.
Industry doesn’t always use the full, tongue-twister chemical name. Synonyms like ‘N-Methylcarbamate of dimethylaniline derivative’ and structurally descriptive monikers keep communication clear, but sometimes only for those in-the-know. Registries and suppliers stick to precise identifiers—CAS numbers and systematic names—since one slip can mean confusing similar-structured chemicals, raising the risk of wrong usage. I once watched a seasoned chemist catch a shipping mistake just by keeping names straight; without that attention, things could’ve gone sideways fast.
Safety frameworks keep people out of trouble. 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate comes with known risks—it may contribute to poisoning if misused, especially in enclosed spaces or where skin contact occurs. Facilities using or researching the compound stick to strict ventilation requirements, chemical fume hoods, and personal protective equipment. Training isn’t optional. Routine scenario planning—accidental spills, exposure, even fire—gets drilled into everyone handling the substance. Regulations often treat this molecule like a pesticide precursor, tightening recordkeeping and setting disposal protocols. Waste isn’t taken lightly—every drop gets cataloged and routed for safe destruction.
You won’t find this compound on grocery shelves, but it punches above its weight in technical arenas. Agronomists use it as a tool for pest management studies, given its selective action against invertebrates. Pharmacologists experiment with derivatives seeking new therapies for nervous system disorders, since the carbamate structure interacts with key enzymes in neurotransmitter metabolism. Analytical chemists value it as a standard or a synthetic pivot point. Conversations at research consortiums often revolve around finding the balance: harnessing the benefits of targeted biological action without layering on new risks for non-target species or the environment.
R&D teams spend time chasing structural modifications—tweaking replacement groups, flipping functional side chains—to tune how the molecule acts in biological systems. Sponsors and grant panels now demand transparency and traceability in every report because experience has taught that small changes can lead to unforeseen risks. High-throughput screens and in silico modeling have sped up discovery, but nothing replaces good bench work. Academic labs keep close partnerships with industry, trading ideas on more efficient synthesis paths or greener reagents, as environmental compliance grows in importance. This fits a bigger trend: chemical innovation has to meet safety and regulatory hurdles before a paper or patent ever sees the light of day.
Toxicity paints both opportunities and obstacles for 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate. As with many carbamates, acute exposure can disrupt cholinesterase activity, raising alarms in both lab and field settings. Experiments with rodents and cell lines offer early warnings about potential human or ecological risk, guiding risk assessments and workplace exposure standards. Vigilance around chronic low-level exposure drives further studies, especially among agricultural workers and wildlife. Regulators and researchers team up, scrutinizing metabolic breakdown pathways and seeking antidotes if accidental poisoning occurs. It takes persistence—and sometimes years—before consensus is reached on what exposure looks like in the real world.
Looking ahead, the compound’s future relies on both chemical versatility and tough conversations about safety and sustainability. Pushes for green chemistry drive calls to reengineer both synthetic steps and degradation paths. Researchers keep probing structure-activity relationships, hoping to unlock novel uses in medicine, agriculture, or environmental science without repeating the mistakes made with persistent pollutants. Big questions stand in the way: can the compound’s power go hand-in-hand with environmental stewardship and worker safety? Firms and academics alike need both the drive to innovate and the discipline to respect hard-won lessons from the past. This isn’t just chemistry—it's about responsibility, transparency, and learning from the unexpected.
4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-dimethylphenyl N-methylcarbamate goes by a simpler name for most chemical suppliers and farmers: Pirimicarb. This compound shows up most often in stories about food safety, pest outbreaks, and sustainable crop practices. Years back, working on an orchard, I picked up a lot about why these specific chemicals get chosen. Pirimicarb isn’t a term most people chat about at the grocery store, but its impact reaches all the way to our kitchen tables.
Pirimicarb acts mainly as an insecticide. It’s designed to hit one of commercial farming’s biggest enemies: aphids. These tiny insects suck the life out of leafy crops and wreak havoc on grains, potatoes, and fruit trees. Since aphids don’t just ruin harvests but spread plant viruses too, farmers look for ways to control them fast without damaging their crops. Pirimicarb’s main strength lies in its selective action. It targets aphids but largely spares the natural enemies of pests—predatory insects and pollinators—if used as directed. This helps keep ecological balances in place so fields don’t turn into pest breeding grounds over time.
Looking at the facts, Pirimicarb has been around since the late 1960s. Researchers found that the chemical works by crippling an enzyme system unique to aphids and certain other pests. People working in agriculture still turn to it because of its speed. Aphid populations often explode overnight; Pirimicarb stops them quickly before damage spreads. Fast-acting treatments matter when weather conditions make aphid outbreaks hard to predict.
Many insecticides harm bees or beneficial bugs. Pirimicarb, when used during non-flowering periods or late in the day, reduces the threat to pollinators. I’ve seen local extension officers stress this point during spray workshops. Many bugs that help keep farm ecosystems healthy—like ladybugs eating aphids—stick around, so using Pirimicarb fits into integrated pest management (IPM) plans. Good IPM respects both food yield and environmental health.
With increased demand for cleaner food and less chemical residue, regulators now expect more from farm chemicals. Pirimicarb carries legal limits on residues, and farmers must stick to strict pre-harvest intervals to ensure produce stays safe. It breaks down quickly in the environment compared to many older chemicals, making it more attractive for both organic transition farms and conventional growers. Still, overreliance on any single chemical can breed resistant pest populations. A few European studies have highlighted aphids that no longer respond to Pirimicarb treatments.
Rotating insecticides and adding nonchemical controls—like biological predators and crop diversity—can help slow resistance. It’s something extension agents encourage during farm visits. Some farms now invest in pest forecasting tech and use Pirimicarb only when data show real risk rather than spraying just in case. This reduces unnecessary exposure for both workers and food consumers.
Pirimicarb won’t solve every pest problem, but knowing its primary purpose and how it fits within bigger farm strategies gives growers more control. Informed use—supported by training, monitoring, and attention to natural balances—makes it a valuable tool for feeding a growing population without giving up on safety or sustainability.
4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate goes by a handful of other names and often shows up as a pesticide. Carbamate chemicals generally get attention for pest control and, along with organophosphates, form the backbone of many insecticides used in agriculture and public health management. Most farmers know carbamates for their quick-acting punch against insects—and the headaches they can cause if not handled correctly.
Toxicity rarely gives folks a fair warning. This compound doesn’t just threaten bugs. Its chemical makeup puts people and animals at risk by disrupting a critical enzyme in the body: acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme clears out acetylcholine at nerve endings, keeping muscles working smoothly and nerves firing as they should. In poisoning cases, too much acetylcholine builds up, flooding the body’s communication lines. Muscles twitch, then go limp. Breathing slows. Heavy exposure lands people and animals in the emergency room or the animal clinic.
Much of the research on this group of carbamates details how quickly symptoms can develop—within minutes to a couple of hours. It starts with headaches and dizziness. Sometimes, sweating comes on fast, and vision blurs. Farmers and pesticide sprayers often complain about muscle cramps, memory shortfalls, or heart racing out of nowhere. In severe poisonings, seizures or collapse may follow. The link between carbamate exposure and long-term nervous system issues keeps getting stronger, especially for those in constant contact: orchard workers, landscapers, chemical handlers. Reports have surfaced about children poisoned by mishandled sprays in the home or on the playground.
Veterinarians and wildlife specialists see effects in pets and wild creatures too. Dogs get into treated yards. Birds swoop down on crops and pick up trace residues. Livestock can eat contaminated feed by accident. Veterinary journals have tracked clusters of sudden deaths and neurological problems in cattle, birds, and even fish around agricultural runoff sites. Carbamates move through soil and water fairly easily, sometimes ending up in unintended places—creeks, drinking troughs, or neighboring gardens.
Regulators set exposure limits for carbamates after animal studies show what doses start to cause trouble. Several countries have banned or restricted certain carbamates after sharp increases in poisonings. Personal experience managing chemicals on the farm showed how little leeway there is for error. Gloves, masks, and good ventilation make all the difference. The folks who ignore these basics tend to end up in trouble. Relying on proper storage and clear labels kept my family and local 4-H club safe during pest control season.
Switching to less toxic pest control methods keeps gaining steam, not just to preserve health, but to protect bees, birds, and stream life. Integrated pest management—combining physical barriers, targeted spraying, and biological controls—can cut down on chemical reliance. Manufacturers are working on compounds with shorter lifespans and lower risks for people and pets. Doctors, toxicologists, and scientists continue researching how to treat exposure quickly and how long-term exposure rewires brain chemistry.
Proper respect for chemical labels and training shields families, farm workers, and animals from fallout. Any sign of dizziness, vomiting, or confusion after handling pesticides calls for immediate attention—especially if children or pets are involved. Communities can press for tighter enforcement of pesticide rules and push for transparency from chemical manufacturers. Putting safety front and center spares both people and animals from unnecessary harm.
I remember my early days in a lab, long before hazard pictograms lined every bottle. You got your lessons with chemical burns, ruined shoes, or sharp words from a veteran colleague. That’s no way to learn about risk, especially with substances like 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate, a compound known for its use as a carbamate pesticide. Few people outside of chemistry circles remember that just a whiff or a single spill of some of these toxins changes or even ends a life. Daily safety takes more than rules; it takes respect and habits built on honest talk about risk.
People don’t talk enough about storage because it looks simple: find a bottle, slap on a label, put it on a shelf. Not with this compound. Carbamates have toxic profiles. Some cause headaches, nausea, even seizures with accidental exposure. Human health and safe work rely on separation. In a place that handles this substance, keep it in a dedicated chemical cabinet—locked, ventilated, away from acids, bases, or oxidizers that create reactions or fumes during an accident. Never store near food or where non-trained people might get curious. Think of it this way: a locked, labeled cabinet signals that what sits inside can hurt or kill. Respect begins with boundaries.
High humidity causes many carbamates to break down, sometimes into dangerous gases. Direct sun breaks chemical bonds or degrades this compound, possibly making any accidental release even more toxic. I’ve seen degraded pesticides turn yellow and stink, creating a risk that didn’t exist when you bought the pure powder. Store it cool, dark, and dry—think closet, not garage. Monitoring room temperature with a basic digital thermometer helps, as does keeping humidity low with desiccant packs. Old-school colleagues used silica gel in every chemical drawer, which still works today.
No one likes PPE, but bare skin or open eyes cannot block molecules that enter through contact or inhalation. I always double up with nitrile gloves and splash-proof goggles. A lab coat gets between the dust and my skin, and slip-on shoe covers stop tracking any spilled grains home or to another room. I work with the smallest amount possible each time. Pour and mix under a working fume hood. Closing each bottle tightly the moment you finish stops evaporation that sneaks out through loose threads or crusted caps. I tell students: “Assume your hands are dirty until you wash them—twice.” Old habits, but effective.
Carbamates belong with labeled hazardous waste—not floor drains, not regular trash. Absorb small spills with inert material like vermiculite, scoop it into a sealable bag, and label it as hazardous. Spills on skin need a quick shower for at least 15 minutes. Don’t trust a quick rinse; toxins linger. Spills spread faster than you think and dry to invisible residues. Emergency showers and eyewash stations shouldn’t be blocked by boxes or old equipment.
Reading safety sheets (SDS) isn’t just paperwork. It tells you about delayed effects, what antidotes exist, and where to seek help if things go wrong. Regular safety drills help, too. I teach new hires where we keep antidotes, spill kits, and make sure everyone knows how to call emergency services. I’ve watched confusion cost time—and cost lives in bad cases. Upfront, practical training beats any wall of printed rules.
Safety isn’t fuss. It’s the barrier between curiosity and catastrophe. Few jobs bring as much risk as chemical handling, and simple, honest habits—clear labels, real barriers, respecting PPE, precise cleanup—are the difference between trust and tragedy. Everyone deserves the chance to go home as healthy as they arrived.
A lot of folks rarely pause to think about what’s inside the pesticides protecting crops or gardens. 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate, better known as a specific carbamate pesticide, keeps bugs at bay. Scientists developed this chemical to stop insects from chewing through food supplies. The problem is that life doesn’t follow tidy categories—what repels an aphid, can poison a frog, threaten a honeybee, or linger in the river after rain.
Rain carries loose soil and anything it holds—including carbamate pesticides—into streams. These pesticides dissolve well in water. The impact shows up downstream. Studies from various states, including California, link elevated carbamate concentrations to shrinking fish populations. Most aquatic insects sense the faint traces and die off. Carbamates upset how insects and animals use acetylcholine, an important nervous system messenger. Even tiny doses short-circuit normal movement and breeding.
By the time water reaches the tap or fills up a bird bath, traces may still linger. Local health departments sometimes test reservoirs for breakdown products called carbamates’ metabolites. These molecules sometimes hang around longer or turn up more toxic than the original pesticide. The more folks spray in gardens, orchards, or fields, the greater the load in water, air, and even homegrown fruit.
A field treated with carbamates year after year doesn’t bounce back quick. Soil bacteria do much of the work breaking down residues, but the same chemical works against them. Repeated exposure slashes their numbers or slows beneficial processes. That means fewer nitrates for crops and, sometimes, more weeds breaking through. Earthworms pick up a share of residues, building up harmful substances in their tissue. Songbirds, searching for protein, can take in enough to hurt their nervous systems.
Gardeners and farmers rely on bees to pollinate vegetables and flowers. University research shows carbamates interfere with bees’ ability to find their hives and communicate. Less activity in the orchard produces fewer apples and pears. Colony collapse can start with a mild dose that doesn’t kill instantly but muddles bees’ brains. Wild pollinators feel the effects just as much. Fewer pollinators soap up a loss for everyone—from backyard gardeners to fruit suppliers and their customers.
Years tending a backyard garden have shown that healthy plants resist pests with less chemical help. Integrated pest management (IPM) treats pests as just one part of an ecosystem. IPM suggests natural predators, traps, and crop rotations to keep bugs in check. Local extension offices give workshops on using fewer synthetic chemicals. Switching to selective, less persistent products or biological pesticides makes a difference for local rivers, forests, and wildlife corridors.
Data from the USGS and EPA backs up the benefits of lower, smarter pesticide use. Crop yields can stay steady with fewer inputs if the land gets enough organic matter and a buffer of undisturbed grass or woodland nearby. Finding balance between food production and environmental health takes effort, but every step helps. Protecting pollinators and clean water now leads to long-term gains for everyone involved.
4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate isn’t a name that pops up on most people’s radar, but its story speaks volumes about the need for stronger checks on chemicals, especially those used around food and people’s homes. This compound belongs to the carbamate family, a large group of chemicals where quite a few members work as pesticides. Many folks working in agriculture or landscaping know carbamates because of their nerve-targeting ability, knocking down pests fast. This same trait that kills insects so quickly has a habit of raising really tough questions about human safety.
Not all countries treat carbamates the same. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reviews every pesticide before use. Carbamates have seen careful scrutiny—some like carbofuran got banned for being just too risky. Specific data on 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate is tough to find in EPA’s public lists, but its chemical structure whispers a red flag. Anything structurally close to banned or regulated carbamates usually runs up against heavy restrictions or gets yanked off the market by regulators who err on the side of caution.
Europe’s approach runs tight too. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) demands firms put up strong safety data and environmental impact reviews. The chemical databases in the EU flag carbamates for special attention due to their links with nervous system effects in non-target organisms, not just in pests. In parts of Asia, regulations still catch up to Western standards. Places with weaker oversight sometimes see carbamates slip through the cracks and find their way into circulation, which puts workers and families at risk.
In my own experience working in community gardens and volunteering at local schools, any hint of chemical pesticide use turns into a conversation between parents, teachers, and growers. The uncertainty about what’s in a product, or if it matches safe use standards, often leads folks to steer clear. They remember stories about organophosphates and carbamates causing headaches or worse when used without enough protection.
The trick with a name like 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate: just because public lists don’t shout about it doesn’t mean it’s safe or unregulated. It usually means research gaps or a lack of use keeps it off center stage. When it comes to nerve agents, even at “low” doses, uncertainty breeds caution. Regulatory frameworks work best with real-world use data and open reporting of side effects. Most successful efforts at cutting unnecessary exposures rely on strong records, routine reviews, and giving more oomph to non-chemical pest management.
Communities get the best results with access to clear information. Chemists and toxicologists have worked for decades outlining alternatives to hazardous carbamates, pushing biocontrols or mechanical methods that lower overall exposure risks. Governments and consumer groups win when they force transparency, back independent research, and keep lines open for public reporting of problems with pesticides. Hard evidence, plus down-to-earth communication, closes the gaps left by slow-moving lists or incomplete international rules.
Experience tells me, and plenty of others, that strict checks on pesticides—or their alternatives—pay off in healthier people, safer food, and fewer environmental headaches. Chemicals like 4-N,N-Dimethylamino-3,5-Dimethylphenyl N-Methylcarbamate deserve the same scrutiny as their more famous cousins, especially now when people want more than vague assurances about what’s ending up in soil, water, and dinner plates.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 3,5-dimethyl-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl N-methylcarbamate |
| Other names |
Fenobucarb BPMC Carbamate insecticide N-Methyl o-sec-butyl phenylcarbamate Pesticide BPMC |
| Pronunciation | /ˈfɔːr ˌɛnˌɛn daɪˈmɛθɪl.əˌmiːnoʊ ˈθriː ˈfaɪv daɪˈmɛθɪlˌfiːnɪl ˌɛnˈmɛθəlˈkɑːrbəˌmeɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 1163-32-0 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `JSmol.loadInline("data/mol:CN(C)C(=O)Oc1cc(N(C)C)cc(C)c1C")` |
| Beilstein Reference | 377880 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:81935 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2109286 |
| ChemSpider | 13853952 |
| DrugBank | DB08372 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.027.843 |
| EC Number | EC 248-040-8 |
| Gmelin Reference | Gmelin Reference: 83334 |
| KEGG | C18594 |
| MeSH | D013812 |
| PubChem CID | 17438 |
| RTECS number | FA1575000 |
| UNII | SR2T1O2GRQ |
| UN number | UN3278 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C12H18N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 194.26 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.09 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 2.28 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.000005 mmHg (25°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 13.4 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.82 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -80.97 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.588 |
| Viscosity | 1.04 mPa·s (25 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.95 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 387.6 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -110.6 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -5004.0 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | N03BA02 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Harmful in contact with skin. Causes serious eye irritation. Very toxic to aquatic life. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS06,GHS09 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P391, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-1-0 |
| Flash point | Approximately 109°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 201 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral rat LD50 155 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | UR1840000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.05 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not listed |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Carbaryl Propoxur Methomyl Aldicarb Carbofuran |
