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Chemical Name: 4-Methoxyaniline
Synonyms: p-Anisidine, para-Anisidine
Chemical Formula: C7H9NO
CAS Number: 104-94-9
Common Uses: Intermediary in dyes, pharmaceuticals, and organic synthesis work
Main Health Risks: Toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin; strong skin and eye irritant
Acute Effects: Nausea, headaches, bluish skin (cyanosis) due to possible methemoglobinemia
Chronic Exposure: Can be harmful to the blood cells, especially through repeated or long-term exposure; possible mutagenic risk
Environmental Dangers: Toxic to aquatic life, can linger in water and soil
Risk of Combustion: Dust or vapors can form explosive mixtures with air under certain conditions
Main Component: 4-Methoxyaniline, often at purity above 98% in commercial laboratory settings
Impurities: Trace amounts of related methoxyanilines or other substituted anilines can be present, always below 2% in most supplies
If inhaled: Move immediately to fresh air, keep still, monitor for breathing difficulty, seek medical help
If on skin: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with soap and lots of water, watch for delayed reactions
If in eyes: Rinse gently under running water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if easy, call a doctor
If swallowed: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, urgently seek medical attention, bring the chemical packaging to aid treatment
Symptoms to Watch: Dizziness, shortness of breath, bluish tint to lips or skin, confusion
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam
Unsuitable Media: Direct water stream can spread spilled product or vapors
Special Hazards: Heating or fire can release toxic nitrogen oxides and other harmful gases
Advice for Firefighters: Full protective gear, self-contained breathing apparatus, avoid entry of runoff into sewers or water bodies
Personal Precautions: Wear respirator, chemical-resistant gloves, goggles
Ventilation: Ensure good airflow in affected area to scatter vapors
Containment: Prevent further spillage, block the substance from entering drains
Cleanup: Use inert absorbent like sand or vermiculite, shovel into suitable sealed waste containers, decontaminate area afterwards
Handling: Use only within a working fume hood or well-ventilated area, avoid contact with skin or eyes, never eat or drink near work area
Storage: Keep tightly closed in labeled containers, store away from heat, sunlight, strong acids, and oxidizers
Storage Location: Locked chemical store, out of reach of untrained people, control for temperature swings and moisture
Eye/Face Protection: Safety goggles, sometimes full face shield for large-scale work
Skin Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), full lab coat, closed shoes
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved air-purifying respirator if exposure risk exists
Workplace Controls: Use exhaust ventilation, never pipette by mouth, wash hands before breaks and after work
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limit exists, but minimize airborne concentrations due to toxicity
Appearance: Pale yellow to brown solid, crystalline
Odor: Slightly unpleasant, aniline-like or chemical odor
Melting Point: Roughly 56-59°C
Boiling Point: About 243°C
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, easily dissolves in ethanol and other organics
Vapour Density: Heavier than air
Stability: Stable in dry, sealed containers below normal room temperature
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with oxidants, strong acids, and halogens, which can trigger hazardous conditions
Hazardous Decomposition: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other toxic gases form on burning or overheating
Avoid: Mixing with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides due to risk of violent reaction
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat) near 470 mg/kg; significant toxicity if ingested, inhaled, or extensively absorbed by skin
Irritation: Burns eyes and skin upon direct contact, can sensitize some users
Long-Term Risks: Suspected of causing genetic damage; chronic low exposure ties to kidney, liver, and blood cell harm
Absorption Routes: Mainly through skin or by breathing dust and vapors
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms; causes oxygen depletion and disrupts normal aquatic life cycles
Persistence: Does not break down quickly; can stay in water or soil
Bioaccumulation: Bioconcentration potential in aquatic species remains low, yet even small amounts can disrupt local habitats
Environmental Exposure: Avoid release to natural waters, windborne dust can travel significant distances
Preferred Disposal: Send as hazardous chemical waste to certified incineration or treatment facility
Sewer Disposal: Strongly discouraged, even in diluted form
Empty Containers: Treat as contaminated, follow hazardous waste protocols to avoid re-use or regular landfill
UN Number: 2431
Shipping Name: 4-Methoxyaniline
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic Substance)
Packing Group: III
Transport Precautions: Cool, secure packaging; keep separate from food items and incompatible chemicals; label all containers clearly according to regulations
International Regulation: Listed in inventories such as the European REACH, US TSCA
Hazard Pictograms: Acute toxicity, environmental hazard
Worker Protection: Right to Know requirements in several jurisdictions mandate detailed training before use
Restriction: Not permitted in unrestricted consumer products, legal handling only by trained professionals in many countries
