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Name: 4-Fluoroaniline
Chemical Structure: C6H6FN
Common Uses: Used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, often found contributing to pharmaceutical or agrochemical research where specialty fluorinated aromatics are needed.
Appearance: Typically found as a colorless to pale yellow liquid or crystalline substance, with a distinct unpleasant or fishy odor.
Chemical Formula: C6H6FN
CAS Number: 371-40-4
Primary hazards: Toxic by skin absorption and ingestion, moderate skin and eye irritant, presents risks of organ damage with prolonged or repeated exposure. Can cause methemoglobinemia leading to reduced oxygen transport in blood.
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes serious eye irritation, causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure, harmful if swallowed or contacted with skin, suspected of causing genetic defects.
Pictograms: Skull and Crossbones, Health hazard symbol
Chemical Name: 4-Fluoroaniline
Purity: Commonly over 98%
Impurities: Trace aniline, related fluoro-compounds especially if synthesis purity isn’t well-controlled
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, monitor for respiratory distress, use supplemental oxygen if available, seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin with water for at least 15 minutes, seek immediate medical assistance if irritation or symptoms of methemoglobinemia occur.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing, seek prompt medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, seek immediate medical advice. If person is drowsy or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth.
Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO2, foam. Water spray can cool containers but may spread contamination.
Fire Hazards: Combustible but not highly flammable. Thermal decomposition releases toxic fumes, including nitrogen oxides and hydrogen fluoride.
PPE for Firefighters: Full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus, since decomposition products can be much more toxic than the compound itself.
Special Precautions: Fight fires from upwind to avoid inhalation of hazardous vapors.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ventilate, wear appropriate chemical-resistant gloves and goggles, avoid inhalation and skin contact.
Spill Cleanup: Absorb with inert material like vermiculite or sand, collect into chemical waste containers. Clean contaminated surfaces thoroughly.
Disposal: Dispose of according to local environmental and hazardous waste regulations; avoid contamination of water bodies.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers or waterways, as the compound can cause acute toxicity to aquatic life.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, acids, or acyl chlorides.
Handling: Use chemical fume hood, avoid breathing vapors, prevent skin and eye contact, wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Incompatibilities: Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents, as exothermic reactions might occur.
Special Storage Needs: Keep away from heat sources and open flames; segregate from food and drink.
Engineering Controls: Use in chemical fume hoods, provide local exhaust ventilation, maintain air concentrations below recommended workplace exposure limits.
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, nitrile gloves, lab coats, and suitable respiratory protection if vapor concentrations reach hazardous levels.
Workplace Exposure Guidelines: There are no established OSHA or ACGIH occupational exposure limits for 4-fluoroaniline, but exposure should remain as low as reasonably possible.
Hygiene Measures: Always wash hands and face after using; remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse.
Physical State: Liquid or solid (depends on temperature and purity)
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Ammonia or fish-like odor
Boiling Point: Around 185-190°C
Melting Point: Approximately 17-22°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, more soluble in organic solvents like ethanol or ether
Density: About 1.16 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: Low, limiting substantial inhalation risk unless heated or sprayed
Other Notes: Tends to discolor on exposure to light and air, signaling decomposition.
Reactivity: Stable at room temperature when protected from air and moisture
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, light, and moisture accelerate decomposition and can produce toxic breakdown products.
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, acid chlorides
Hazardous Decomposition: Nitrogen oxides, hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide among others
Polymerization: No known rapid self-polymerization, but can react with some other chemicals, especially chlorinating agents.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion
Acute Effects: Cyanosis, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea. Methemoglobinemia can occur after significant exposure, giving rise to blue-purple skin coloration.
Chronic Effects: Liver and kidney damage, risk of blood disorders with repeated exposure, possible genetic mutations.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, but aniline-related compounds have raised concern for possible risk.
LD50/Lethality Data: Oral LD50 (rat): ranges from 200-300 mg/kg. Comparable to other fluorinated aniline derivatives in terms of toxicity, but should be treated as highly hazardous.
Other Effects: Studies show significant environmental persistence and bioaccumulation could be an issue.
Ecotoxicity: Aquatic organisms are susceptible, with fish and invertebrates suffering acute toxicity at relatively low concentrations.
Persistence and Degradability: Chemically stable, slow to biodegrade, meaning residues can build up in the environment.
Bioaccumulation: Potential for accumulation in the fatty tissues of organisms, presenting food chain risks especially in aquatic systems.
Mobility in Soil: Moderate – may migrate through soil layers but limited by low water solubility.
Other Notes: Breakdown in sunlight yields fluorinated byproducts that also pose risks.
Waste Disposal Methods: Manage as hazardous chemical waste, perform high-temperature incineration that features scrubbing of exhaust gases. Waste should never enter watercourses or drains.
Contaminated Packaging: Dispose of as hazardous waste, containers require thorough cleaning and destruction, never reuse for food or water storage.
Environmental Regulations: Follow all applicable local, national, and international laws; improper disposal may result in ecosystem damage or penalties.
UN Number: UN 2735 for similar amines
Proper Shipping Name: Amines, liquid, toxic, corrosive, n.o.s. (not otherwise specified), can fall under this depending on purity and concentration.
Hazard Class: 6.1 (toxic), sometimes 8 (corrosive)
Packing Group: II or III, depending on quantity and hazard severity
Transport Precautions: Leaks and vapor releases must be avoided, store upright in labeled containers, don’t transport with oxidizers or acids; vehicle operators should know emergency procedures.
Global Regulations: 4-Fluoroaniline appears in chemical inventories of major economies, but typically flagged for scrutiny due to toxicity.
Workplace Safety Rules: Workers who regularly handle this substance ought to receive specific hazard communication and personal protective equipment.
Community Right-to-Know: Environmental reporting agencies may request details on storage amounts; accidental release can trigger mandatory notifications to authorities.
Restrictions: Many public health agencies discourage unsupervised use outside specialized laboratory or industrial settings.
