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Chemical Name: 4-Aminopyridine
Synonyms: 4-AP, fampridine
CAS Number: 504-24-5
Form: Crystalline solid or powder, color tends to show off-white to pale yellow
Typical Uses: Often found in neurology labs, clinics researching multiple sclerosis, or specialty chemical plants
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), hazardous to nervous system
Symptoms: Seizures, muscle twitching, confusion, nausea, increased blood pressure, rapid heartbeat sometimes follow exposure
Hazard Statements: Highly toxic when ingested or inhaled; skin contact can lead to absorption with systemic effects
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones symbol often marks containers, reflecting serious hazard to health
Main Ingredient: 4-Aminopyridine — concentration typically ranges from 98 to 100 percent in most lab settings
Chemical Formula: C5H6N2
Impurities: Usually kept minimal in research and pharmaceutical-grade batches, presence of pyridine derivatives should be limited
Inhalation: Move straight to fresh air, keep airway open, help breathing if needed, seek urgent medical help
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid inducing vomiting, get medical attention right away, monitor for seizures
Skin Contact: Wash off with running water and mild soap, strip contaminated clothing, watch for delayed reactions, ask for emergency care
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with lukewarm water for at least fifteen minutes, lift eyelids often, get to a doctor fast
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam as needed based on surroundings
Fire Hazards: Byproducts like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide can come from burning 4-Aminopyridine
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, choices of protective clothing need to focus on chemical resistance
Special Actions: Stay upwind, aim to avoid inhaling combustion fumes, use water spray to knock down vapors
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, snug goggles, and an NIOSH-approved respirator
Environmental Care: Keep chemical out of drains, all waste must be contained and reported
Cleanup Tactics: Sweep up using wet methods to limit dust, transfer to sealed container, ventilate affected space thoroughly
Handling: Use inside a chemical hood, wear gloves rated for chemicals, manage the risk of spills
Storage: Keep locked up in tight containers, dry cool spot, away from acids and oxidizers
Incompatibilities: Keep separate from strong oxidizing agents, acids; avoid storing next to flammable solvents
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hoods and vented cabinets
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, lab coats, and use of respiratory protection if dusts or vapors build up
Hygiene: Don’t eat, drink, or smoke in work area, wash hands right after handling
Appearance: Off-white powder, not much odor
Melting Point: Near 158 degrees Celsius
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling under normal pressure
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, mixes with many organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Very low under typical conditions
pH: Aqueous solutions tend to show basic pH
Stability: Stays stable under ordinary storage, reacts strongly with acids or oxidizers
Decomposition: Gives off toxic fumes if heated to breakdown point
Polymerization: Not prone to dangerous polymerization under normal use
Routes of Exposure: Swallowing, inhaling dusts, absorbing through skin, contacting eyes
Acute Effects: Can induce confusion, uncontrolled muscle movements, convulsions after low-level exposure
Chronic Effects: Long-term handling could alter central nervous system, risk worsens without strong safety practices
LD50 (Oral, Rat): Often cited near 18 mg/kg
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a cancer risk by top agencies like IARC or NTP, but chemical’s acute risks still warrant careful handling
Persistence: Slow to break down in the natural world, risk of build-up
Mobility: Can seep into soils and move through water under right conditions
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and invertebrates, spills should be reported
Bioaccumulation: Limited data, but waste should never make its way into water systems
Waste Disposal: Collect waste into containers designed for hazardous solids, send to licensed hazardous waste processing
Precautions: Keep disposal workers in on risks, follow local and national regulations for chemical waste
Nuisance Avoidance: Never flush down drains or toss with household waste
UN Number: Classified under UN hazard codes for toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (not otherwise specified)
Proper Shipping Name: Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (contains 4-Aminopyridine)
Hazard Class: 6.1 toxic substances
Packing Group: II or III depending on quantity and transport mode
Transport Precautions: Ship in sealed, labeled containers, keep away from incompatible cargo
OSHA Status: Treats as hazardous by definition of 29 CFR 1910.1200
TSCA Inventory: Usually listed, but consult regularly for updates
Right-to-Know Listings: Registered under various state hazard lists due to toxicity concerns
EU Regulation: Classified as hazardous; complies with REACH as a substance of concern
Medical Surveillance: Continued workplace monitoring and routine health checks needed, especially where exposure risks remain high
