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Name: 4-Aminodiphenylamine
Chemical formula: C12H12N2
Common names: p-Aminodiphenylamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow solid, with faint amine odor
Recommended use: Used in dye manufacturing, rubber processing, and some research applications
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents like benzene and chloroform
Acute toxicity: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin
Long-term exposure: May have possible carcinogenic effects, based on animal studies and some regulatory classifications
Skin/eye irritation: Can cause irritation to skin and eyes, risk of dermatitis on contact
Fire/reactivity: Material may emit toxic fumes during combustion
Environmental hazard: Potential hazard to aquatic systems, avoid release into environment
Chemical purity: Usually manufactured at high purity for technical or laboratory use, contaminant profile depends on synthesis route
CAS number: 101-54-2
Main component: 4-Aminodiphenylamine, typically above 98%
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, monitor for respiratory symptoms, seek medical advice if symptoms persist
Skin contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing, observe for irritation
Eye contact: Rinse with water for several minutes, hold eyelids open, consult physician if discomfort continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid inducing vomiting, seek immediate medical care as nausea, vomiting, or symptoms of toxicity may result
Extinguishing media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide, avoid strong water jet since dust dispersion may occur
Hazardous combustion products: Toxic gases may form, including oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide
Protective equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus, protective clothing resistant to chemical splashes
Special hazards: Concentrated dust may ignite when exposed to flame; closed containers may rupture due to pressure build-up
Spill clean-up: Wear proper personal protection, avoid dust generation, sweep or scoop up material, place in properly labeled containers
Evacuation procedures: Ventilate area, prevent further release, restrict access to spill location during cleanup
Environmental precautions: Prevent entry into drains, sewers, or waterways; use absorbent materials for spill collection
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated locations, minimize direct contact, maintain hygiene standards
Static discharge: Ground all equipment, avoid activities that generate airborne dust
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, away from incompatible materials such as oxidizers or acids, keep in a cool, dry place with stable temperature conditions
Labeling: Ensure clear hazard warning labels on all storage and secondary containers
Engineering controls: Local exhaust ventilation preferred to capture airborne dust and vapors, especially in manufacturing or lab settings
Respiratory protection: Use approved respirators in poorly ventilated spaces or when handling large quantities
Skin protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, long sleeves, and protective clothing
Eye/face protection: Use safety goggles or full-face shields during handling
Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after use, do not eat or smoke near work area
Physical state: Crystalline or powder
Color: Off-white to yellowish
Odor: Slight aromatic amine odor
Melting point: 64–66°C
Boiling point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Limited in water, more soluble in organic solvents
Vapor pressure: Low at room temperature
Flash point: Data limited, but avoid high temperatures as decomposition may occur
Chemical stability: Stable at room temperature under normal conditions
Reactivity: Can react with strong oxidizers, acids
Hazardous decomposition: Decomposition may release nitrogen oxides or toxic organic vapors under fire conditions
Routes of exposure: Inhalation, dermal, ingestion
Short-term effects: Irritation of skin, eyes, upper respiratory tract; may produce nausea or headache
Long-term effects: Some evidence points toward possible carcinogenicity; animal studies indicate risk with prolonged, repeated exposure
Mutagenicity: Genetic toxicity studies on related aromatic amines raise concerns, supporting careful handling
Typical symptoms: Drowsiness, weakness, cyanosis, if significant exposure occurs
Regulatory stance: Listed as a potential occupational carcinogen by several agencies
Aquatic toxicity: Known or suspected to be harmful to aquatic organisms, can cause long-term adverse effects in aquatic environments
Persistence: Degradation in the environment can be slow, especially without sunlight or advanced biological activity
Bioaccumulation: Risk of buildup in plant or animal tissues is present based on molecular structure and studies of related compounds
Wastewater management: Avoid direct discharge, seek appropriate waste treatment methods
Material disposal: Dispose as hazardous chemical waste, follow local regulations for destruction or chemical treatment
Container disposal: Rinse empty containers and handle as hazardous, do not reuse for other purposes
Regulatory compliance: Seek licensed hazardous waste contractor or approved incineration; avoid landfill unless specifically permitted
Shipping classification: Not usually classed as a hazardous material for transport in small quantities, but bulk loads may trigger strict regulations
Labeling requirements: Use proper hazard labels and UN numbers if required by mode of transport
Handling precautions: Ensure secure packaging to prevent spillage, avoid dust escape, keep away from incompatible materials during transport
OSHA classification: Recognized as hazardous based on specific health effects
TSCA inventory: Typically listed for authorized uses in the United States
International restrictions: Some countries or agencies restrict or list this chemical as a controlled or hazardous substance
Worker protection: Employers face requirements for hazard training, risk assessment, and exposure control where substance is used
