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Chemical Name: 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl Disulfide
Common Synonyms: DAS, DADDS, 4,4'-Dithiodianiline
CAS Number: 80-08-0
Molecular Formula: C12H12N2S2
Physical Form: Pale-yellow crystalline solid
Odor: Faint, often not easily recognizable in workplace conditions
Hazard Class: Harmful by inhalation, skin or eye contact
Health Risks: Repeated contact may irritate or damage skin and eyes, dust can provoke respiratory discomfort
Environmental Hazard: Not readily biodegradable, potential chronic effect on aquatic environments
Warning Symbols: Irritant and environmental hazard labeling per GHS conventions
Main Ingredient: 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl Disulfide (concentration typically over 98%)
Impurities: Minor ranges of related aromatic compounds, not considered significant at working concentrations
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air, monitor for persistent coughing or breathing difficulty
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse thoroughly with soap and water
Eye Contact: Flush immediately with plenty of clean water, keep eyelids open, seek further check if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not force vomiting, consult a healthcare professional if material was swallowed
Suitable Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical powder, foam, carbon dioxide work best; water spray may help for cooling
Combustion Products: Burning releases carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen-containing gases
Protective Actions: Firefighters must wear chemical-resistant gear and a self-contained breathing apparatus due to toxic fumes
Specific Hazards: Dust forms may enhance fire spread, ventilation keeps risk lower
Personal Protection: Workers need gloves, goggles, and dust masks when handling spills
Containment: Collect spilled solid using non-sparking tools, sweep and gather debris into clearly labeled containers
Cleanup: Wash contaminated surfaces with water and mild detergent, avoid generating airborne dust
Environmental Entry: Prevent runoff into sewer or surface water, inform environmental authorities if large quantities enter water
Handling Practices: Handle in well-ventilated areas, use local exhaust where dust can arise, keep containers closed outside use
Storage Conditions: Store in dry, cool spaces away from sunlight and incompatible chemicals such as oxidizers; avoid unnecessary container opening
Special Precautions: Static discharge controls and good hygiene reduce workplace exposure
Engineering Controls: Install local exhaust hoods if powder is handled above bench scale
Respiratory Protection: Use HEPA-filter dust masks in areas where dust can fly
Eye Protection: Tight-fitting safety goggles recommended
Skin Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves and lab coats shield skin
Industrial Hygiene: Thorough handwashing before meals or breaks, keep eating or drinking out of handling areas
Appearance: Yellowish, granular or crystalline powder
Melting Point: Around 185–190°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Low in water, higher in some organic solvents
Odor Threshold: Odor faint enough to also indicate limited volatile risk
Vapor Pressure: Negligible under normal conditions
Chemical Stability: Stable under regular ambient temperatures and humidity
Reactivity: May react with strong oxidizers, acids, or bases
Decomposition: Prolonged heating triggers toxic sulfur and nitrogen oxides
Acute Effects: Dust and vapors can irritate eyes, airways, and skin
Chronic Exposure: Prolonged, repeated exposure has potential for skin sensitization
Mutagenicity / Carcinogenicity: No conclusive data for humans, but some related aromatic amines have shown risks in animal tests
Symptoms of Overexposure: Itchy skin, red eyes, sore throat
Ecosystem Effect: Not quickly broken down by soil or water microorganisms
Bioaccumulation: Risk assumed low based on molecular size, but lack of biodegradability can extend presence in water bodies
Aquatic Toxicity: Limited test data, but persistent substances stress aquatic invertebrates over time
Material Disposal: Treat as hazardous waste using high-temperature incineration if possible
Container Disposal: Triple-rinse empty containers, then send for industrial reconditioning or disposal as chemical waste
Precaution: Avoid washing surplus into general drains, keep separated from domestic garbage
Road/Rail Transport: Must be clearly labeled, protected from moisture
Air/Sea Transport: Follow hazardous substance guidelines for packing and shipping, avoid bulk shipments where accidental release could impact transit workers or environments
Handling Precaution During Transit: Keep containers upright and sealed
Occupational Standards: Review regional occupational limits; direct exposure should not exceed recommended airborne dust concentrations
Environmental Regulation: Follow release reporting requirements if accidental contamination endangers water or land beyond site boundaries
Hazard Communication: Workplace training and labeled storage help keep accidental exposure minimal
