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Chemical Name: 3-Iodo-1-Propene
CAS Number: 18939-62-9
Molecular Formula: C3H5I
Synonyms: Allyl iodide
Physical Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Similar to iodine, distinct and pungent
Use: Reagent in organic synthesis, helps produce other chemicals that end up in labs and sometimes out in the wider world
Hazard Class: Flammable liquid, acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), skin and eye irritation, environmental hazard for aquatic life
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Catches fire easily, causes burns and irritation to eyes and skin, toxic if inhaled or ingested, harmful to aquatic life
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark, health hazard, environment
Potential Health Effects: Exposure can result in eye and skin burns, respiratory distress, neurological symptoms such as headaches or nausea at higher doses, especially with poor ventilation
Main Ingredient: 3-Iodo-1-Propene (over 95 percent by volume for most commercial lots)
Impurities: May contain minor traces of stabilizers, but most samples arrive with minimal additions
Relevant to: Chemists and lab techs handling small volumes, sometimes researchers in academic labs, rarely found on production floors outside specialty operations
Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air, keep them calm and under observation, look for any signs of breathing problems, move quickly to emergency care if symptoms like shortness of breath or coughing don’t resolve
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse exposed skin thoroughly under running water for minutes, watch for delayed irritation
Eye Contact: Flush with plenty of lukewarm water, keep eyes wide open to wash out residue, seek emergency medical evaluation
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, get professional help as soon as possible
General Advice: Work in a well-ventilated space, keep emergency shower and eyewash stations accessible, talk with your safety officer about accident protocols before starting
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO2 extinguishers, use foam to smother burning material, never use a direct water jet as it can spread the fire
Hazards from Combustion: Hydrogen iodide, carbon monoxide, and fumes that irritate the lungs
Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear, minimize skin exposure, stay clear of the smoke plume
Precautions for Fire Fighters: Clear the area near the container, keep storage drums cool by spraying them with water from a distance, work in teams with clear retreat paths
Personal Precautions: Put on gloves, goggles, and a lab coat, avoid getting fumes in your face, ventilate the area
Spill Containment: Stop any leaks if it feels safe, build a barrier with absorbent material around the spill to keep it from spreading
Cleanup Methods: Collect liquid with inert absorbent (like sand or vermiculite), scoop up contaminated debris, transfer waste into a sealable container
Environmental Protection: Keep material out of drains or waterways—a small release in a sink can hurt water systems—treat all residues as hazardous waste
Handling: Always wear gloves and goggles, work in a fume hood, avoid breathing vapors, don’t eat or drink in handling areas, discard waste promptly
Storage: Store in a tightly closed container, keep it in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources, never keep it near acids or oxidizers, label the container clearly
Incompatibilities: Strong bases, strong acids, oxidizing agents—these spark violent reactions, keep them far apart
Engineering Controls: Use with working fume hood, maintain good airflow
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, goggles or face shield, lab coat, for large-scale handling use a respirator
Exposure Limits: Occupational exposure standards remain poorly defined for this compound, but working at the lowest practical concentrations and limiting exposure time often provides a margin of safety
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after handling, don’t touch eyes or mouth before washing up, always change contaminated clothes before leaving the lab
Appearance: Pale yellow to colorless liquid
Molecular Weight: 183.98 g/mol
Boiling Point: 98-101°C
Melting Point: Not well documented, likely below room temperature
Density: About 2.0 g/cm³ (significantly heavier than water)
Solubility: Doesn’t mix with water, dissolves in alcohol and many organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature
Odor: Pungent, irritating
Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers, breaks down if exposed to sunlight, moisture, or heat
Possible Reactions: Reactive with bases, acids, and oxidizers
Decomposition Products: Carbon oxides, hydrogen iodide, potential for toxic vapors
Important Note: Unintended mixing or overheating can produce hazardous fumes and increase the risk of explosions
Routes of Exposure: Can enter through skin, inhalation, ingestion
Symptoms of Overexposure: Eye and skin burns, chest tightness and coughing, headache, nausea
Acute Effects: Brief exposures cause nose and throat irritation, long exposures or high doses may injure lungs or nervous system
Chronic Effects: No strong data for cancer links, but repeated skin contact dries or cracks skin, breathing vapors damages airways
Other Data: Only limited animal studies on long-term effects—smart to stay cautious
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and aquatic mulch, even a small spill in a drain can disrupt local ecosystems
Persistence: Breaks down slowly, tends to linger in the environment
Bioaccumulation: Lacks detailed bioaccumulation data, but heavy elements like iodine often build up in local food chains
Other Risks: Most spills happen at the bench, but even lab waste contributes to environmental loads
Waste Disposal: Collect in sealed containers, treat as hazardous chemical waste, send to licensed disposal contractors
Prohibitions: Never pour down the drain or mix with regular trash
Container Handling: Mark all containers as hazardous, keep lids tight, avoid leaks when moving to waste stations
Community Considerations: Coordinate with campus or industrial safety offices on waste reduction, aim for smallest volume possible
UN Number: Often shipped as a flammable liquid under hazardous class
Mode Restrictions: Ground, sea, and air transit require filling out hazardous material paperwork, storing containers securely, using spill-proof drums
Labeling: Mark containers with standardized danger labels, include warnings for fire, toxicity, and environmental risk
Compliance: Subject to local, national, and international chemical safety standards, regulations from OSHA, EPA, and certain international transport laws apply
Reporting: Some use cases require notification to environmental authorities, especially for large-volume users or those dumping byproducts
Safety Docs: Always keep current Safety Data Sheets with the chemical, share information during inspections, and keep protocols visible for lab workers
