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Chemical Name: 3-Chloropropionic Acid
Other Names: β-Chloropropionic acid
CAS Number: 107-94-8
Appearance: Clear liquid or colorless solid, often with a pungent odor
Uses: Research labs, chemical synthesis, and agricultural studies
Odor Threshold: Strong and sharp, hard to mistake
Solubility: Miscible in water and many organic solvents
Main Hazards: This material will burn your skin or eyes on contact, and it brings trouble for your lungs if you breathe in any vapor or mist. It has a record of causing convulsions and central nervous system effects if exposure gets high. It does damage if ingested, sometimes attacking the kidneys and other organs. Its poisonous effects linger in the environment, making proper handling crucial. A slick spill can shoot fumes into the air or work its way through a busy building. This stuff carries a GHS classification as both an acute oral toxicant and a skin/eye irritant.
Chemical Formula: C3H5ClO2
Purity: Usually above 98% in commercial or lab batches
Hazardous Ingredient: Pure 3-Chloropropionic acid, which is a toxic substance by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact
Common Impurities: Less than 2%, often unlisted
Eye Contact: Flush eyes at an eyewash station for at least 15 minutes, then get real medical attention. You want to keep eyelids open and moving water everywhere possible.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothes and rinse skin with soap and plenty of water. Don’t let it sit, as stubborn stinging means tissue damage.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, stay calm, and get medical help pronto if symptoms seem severe.
Ingestion: Don’t induce vomiting. Rinse mouth, drink water only if the person is awake, and seek immediate care.
Symptoms to Watch: Redness, pain, convulsions, confusion, and sometimes shock-like behavior.
Flammability: This acid itself doesn’t light up as fast as gasoline but it can release hazardous fumes in a fire. The real threat comes from hydrogen chloride and phosgene if things heat up.
Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemicals, alcohol foam, or water spray
Special Protective Equipment: Respirators and full chemical gear—no one’s running into that blaze with bare skin or regular face masks
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen chloride, possibly phosgene
Best Technique: Keep containers cool with spray, isolate area, stay upwind
Personal Protection: Only work with goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, boots, and a respirator or fume hood
Spill Clean-Up: Cover with inert absorbent (soil, sand, vermiculite), collect in secure containers, keep out of drains and water sources
Ventilation: Crank it up, pull the air out fast—open windows, use fans
Avoid: Touching bare skin, splashing, dragging contaminated shoes or rags through unaffected spaces
Disposal: Label waste drums, keep them locked until final disposal by professionals
Handling: Open containers in a well-ventilated hood, not near food, coffee, or anything that goes in the mouth. Carefully transfer, and never pipette by mouth or try jury-rigged containers.
Storage: Keep in tightly closed, chemical-resistant bottles. Store away from bases, oxidizers, metals, and things that react with acids. Temperature remains steady and cool, much better out of sunlight.
Separation: Acids don’t mix well with everyday items—keep this acid away from paper, cloth, and wood.
Security: Store at or below room temperature, post clear hazard signs, and make sure no one without proper training finds the key.
Workplace Protection: Set up chemical fume hoods for every batch, and run emergency showers and eyewash stations close by. You get real peace of mind knowing that eye goggles, acid-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene work), and buttoned-up lab coats block most accidents before they start.
Respiratory Protection: If the job leaves any room for vapor or aerosol, pull out a NIOSH-approved respirator or a forced airflow mask. Avoid improvising.
Hygiene Measures: Always wash hands, sleeves, and face after handling—before lunch or breaks, too.
Exposure Limits: No official OSHA, ACGIH or EU standards listed, but keep exposure as low as possible using controls and best practices from similar acids.
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature, sometimes waxy solid on chilly days
Color: Colorless or nearly so
Melting/Boiling Point: Melts near 33°C, boils above 200°C
Odor: Strong, sharp, unpleasant
Density: About 1.35 g/cm³
pH: Acidic, below 3 for concentrated solutions
Water Solubility: Fully mixes, forming an acidic solution right away
Vapor Pressure: Low, but not zero—room air can catch a whiff if left exposed
Stability: Stable under normal lab conditions, but don’t let it heat up near strong bases or oxidizers.
Dangerous Reactions: Mixing with strong bases, amines, alkali metals, or oxidizing agents can lead to boiling, splashing, or gas release. Aluminum and similar metals corrode; storage tanks should be glass or certain plastics.
Decomposition: Heats up to steam, then pushes out hydrogen chloride and other toxic gases.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, eyes, and mouth
Acute Effects: Burns and irritation are common; high inhalation brings on central nervous system effects like confusion, convulsions, or even collapse if exposure runs wild.
Chronic Effects: Kidneys and liver take a hit over time; symptoms might include headaches, muscle twitching, or persistent confusion.
Toxicity Data (oral, rat): LD50 reported between 100–450 mg/kg—so not much is needed to do harm.
Warning Signs: Shortness of breath, weird heartbeat, involuntary shaking
Environmental Impact: Toxic to fish, crustaceans, and bugs in the water—low concentrations mess up behavior and reproduction. In soil, it can move with rain and enter streams or groundwater. In air, it sticks around near the release site because it isn’t very volatile. Breakdown isn’t quick or complete, so the damage lingers in the local ecosystem.
Persistence / Degradability: Slow to degrade, resistant to common microbes
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely, but repeated leaks build up dangerous levels downstream.
Special Risk: Always control wastewater and rinse residue, even if it means calling in a hazardous waste service.
Waste Handling: Gather all waste, even tiny amounts, in acid-proof containers with clear hazard markings. Rinsing this stuff down the drain risks harming city water and wildlife, so professional hazardous waste contractors should do the final job.
Spill Material: Don’t burn or bury at home; send to regulated sites. Never mix wastes unless a chemist says it’s safe.
Container Disposal: Clean empty bottles with industrial solvents and triple rinse before recycling, if possible. Always deface hazard labels if containers are truly clean.
UN Number: UN 3265 (Corrosive liquid, acidic, organic, n.o.s., includes 3-Chloropropionic acid)
Category: Class 8 (corrosive materials)
Packing Group: II
Modes of Transport: Properly secured drums or bottles, padded to cushion against drops; shipped only by certified carriers familiar with chemical rules
Labeling: Corrosive and toxic stickers required. Emergency response guide should always accompany—drivers need to know what’s inside
Labelling: GHS pictograms for “corrosive” and “acute toxicity” apply
EU Regulations: Classified hazardous under REACH; subject to full workplace training and strict storage P-codes
US EPA: Not specifically listed as a priority pollutant, but waste and discharge rulebooks apply
Worker Protection: Regular training and health checks are required for all who might be exposed. Spills and leaks trigger immediate reporting under most national systems
Other: Safety sheets for 3-Chloropropionic acid have to stay available wherever it’s used or stored, and not just in the boss’s office—in the real work area.
