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Chemical Name: 3-Chloroaniline
Synonyms: m-Chloroaniline, meta-Chloroaniline
Molecular Formula: C6H6ClN
CAS Number: 108-42-9
Physical Appearance: Clear to slightly yellow liquid or low-melting solid, distinct aniline-like odor
Common Uses: Intermediate in dye and pharmaceutical manufacturing; research chemical in organic synthesis
Health Hazards: Causes skin and eye irritation; toxic if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin; methemoglobinemia risk leads to symptoms like cyanosis and shortness of breath; repeated exposure can target blood, liver, and kidneys
Fire Hazard: Flammable liquid and vapor; can form explosive mixtures with air
Environmental Risk: Harmful to aquatic life
Ingredient: 3-Chloroaniline
Concentration: Typically above 99% in laboratory supplies
Impurities: May contain traces of dichloroaniline or other substituted anilines
Inhalation: Move to fresh air quickly; supply oxygen if breathing becomes difficult; medical attention necessary for breathing problems or signs of cyanosis
Skin Contact: Remove any contaminated clothing immediately; wash thoroughly with soap and water; seek medical care for irritation or absorption evidence
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with plenty of water; continue for at least 15 minutes; call a doctor without delay
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical care; provide medical professionals with information about exposure to methemoglobinemia-causing compounds
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam
Special Hazards: Toxic gases may develop, including hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Personal Protection: Ventilate the affected area; use appropriate gloves and goggles; prevent skin and eye contact
Spill Cleanup: Stop leak if safe; absorb liquid with inert materials like sand or vermiculite; collect in sealed containers for proper disposal; avoid creating dust or vapor
Environmental Precaution: Prevent runoff from reaching drains, soil, and waterways
Safe Handling: Work in a fume hood or with adequate ventilation; minimize dust and vapor; avoid direct contact
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed containers away from light, heat sources, and incompatible materials like oxidizers and acids; keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, acids, acyl halides
Control Parameters: Occupational exposure limits set for aniline derivatives in some jurisdictions
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods, local exhaust ventilation
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, gloves (nitrile or neoprene), protective clothing, proper respiratory protection for dusty or vapor-laden situations
Appearance: Pale yellow to colorless oily liquid, or low-melting solid at colder temperatures
Odor: Aniline-like
Boiling Point: Around 232°C
Melting Point: 35-37°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; mixes with many organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Low at ambient temperature
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended handling and storage conditions
Reactive Toward: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, acid chlorides, anhydrides
Decomposition Products: Can form toxic gases like HCl, nitrogen oxides on combustion
Acute Effects: Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption; induces methemoglobinemia, which reduces blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity—this leads to dizziness, headache, cyanosis
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure raises risk of organ damage to liver, kidneys, and blood
Carcinogenicity: Evidence for increased cancer risk with long-term exposure to some anilines, though specific studies for 3-chloroaniline are limited
Sensitization: Risk exists for allergic skin response
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; can cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
Persistence: Not rapidly biodegradable; potential for bioaccumulation in organisms
Soil Mobility: Moderate, depending on conditions
Degradation: Breaks down slowly in water and soil by microbial processes
Waste Management: Treat as hazardous waste; dispose through approved chemical waste collector
Contaminated Packaging: Treat emptied containers as hazardous; follow local hazardous waste laws
Do Not: Release contents or rinse water into drains or the environment
Transport Classification: Regulated as a hazardous material by major regulatory agencies due to toxicity and flammability
Shipping Precautions: Use chemical-resistant, tightly sealed containers; label clearly with hazard information; segregate from incompatible materials
Packaging: Leak-proof and puncture-resistant packaging recommended
Workplace: Subject to occupational health and safety regulations; permissible exposure limits in some regions
Environmental: Release into soil or water regulated under environmental protection acts
Transport: Covered by international and local regulations requiring documentation and proper labeling
