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Chemical Name: 3,6-Dihydroxyphthalonitrile
Chemical Formula: C8H4N2O2
Synonyms: 3,6-Dihydroxy-1,2-benzenedicarbonitrile
Common Uses: Starting material for advanced dyes, pigment intermediates, specialty coating formulations
Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Molecular Weight: 160.13 g/mol
Hazard Categories: Irritant for skin, eyes, respiratory tract
Primary Health Effects: Eye irritation, skin reddening, throat discomfort on inhalation, possible allergy response with sensitized individuals
Long-Term Concerns: Prolonged or repeated contact may increase risk of dermatitis
Reactivity Risks: Stable compound, but dust can pose explosion hazard in confined and dry environments
Label symbols: Exclamation mark (for irritant properties), not classified for acute toxicity
Main Component: 3,6-Dihydroxyphthalonitrile (over 98%)
Impurities: Trace phthalic acid derivatives, moisture content typically below 1%
Integrated substances: No known hazardous impurities at regulated levels
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash area with soap and running water
Eye Contact: Rinse gently under running water for at least fifteen minutes, remove contact lenses if present
Inhalation: Move to well-ventilated location, seek fresh air, monitor for respiratory distress, consult physician if symptoms persist
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly, do not induce vomiting, seek medical advice in case of discomfort or large ingestion
Symptoms to watch for: Redness, itching, watering eyes, persistent sore throat, dry cough
Flammability Profile: Not classified as highly flammable but fine particulate dust can combust with air and ignition source
Suitable Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, CO2, foam, do not use direct water jets which spread dust
Protective Measures: Firefighters wear chemical splash gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, potentially toxic organic vapors
Spill Handling: Sweep or vacuum gently to avoid dust creation, use damp materials for collection
Cleanup Advice: Avoid dry sweeping or using compressed air, contain spill and keep out of drains
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, goggles, dust mask or respirator, ventilate affected area
Environmental Concerns: Prevent run-off into waterways given low solubility but environmental persistence
Handling Practices: Handle with gloves and safety goggles in a ventilated workspace, avoid skin or eye contact, minimize dust
Storage Requirements: Store in tightly sealed containers, keep away from heat sources, moisture, incompatible chemicals like strong bases
Special Precautions: Designate chemical storage area, keep away from food and drink, label containers
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, strong acidic or basic materials
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation or fume hood strongly recommended, especially in bulk transfer
Personal Protective Equipment: Nitrile or latex gloves, chemical safety goggles, long sleeves or lab coat
Respiratory Protection: Dust mask or respirator with P100 particulate filter where airborne particles possible
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating or drinking, do not touch face with contaminated gloves, launder work clothing
Occupational Exposure Limits: No regulatory limits established, general nuisance dust threshold applies (total dust < 10 mg/m3)
Physical Form: Powder, crystalline solid, off-white to pale yellow
Melting Point: Approximately 260–265°C
Solubility: Poorly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, DMSO, DMF
Odor Threshold: No noticeable odor
Vapor Pressure: Essentially negligible at ambient temperature
pH: Not applicable for solid
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Partition Coefficient: Moderately hydrophobic, log Kow not widely reported
Evaporation Rate: Not relevant for solid
Appearance: Uniform microcrystalline particles (as typically supplied)
Stability: Stable under recommended storage and usage conditions
Reactivity: Not prone to rapid self-reactivity, avoid mixing with strong oxidizers or reducing agents
Decomposition: Decomposes on strong heating, releases toxic fumes like cyanide or benzene derivatives under extreme heat
Polymerization: Not known to polymerize dangerously
Acute Toxicity: Animal studies indicate low to moderate oral toxicity, limited data in public studies
Skin Contact: May cause irritation, rare instances of allergic dermatitis
Eye Contact: Irritation and watering possible
Respiratory Effects: Irritation and discomfort with dust inhalation, especially in poorly ventilated areas
Chronic Exposure: No substantial evidence of cumulative toxicity though long-term sensitization possible for some users
Carcinogenicity: No conclusive evidence supporting classification as carcinogen
Mutagenicity: No known mutagenic activity under standard test conditions
Aquatic Toxicity: Poor water solubility, limited bioavailability in aquatic systems, long-term persistence possible with continuous input
Bioaccumulation: Estimated low based on structure, but not fully excluded
Fate in Environment: Breaks down slowly, poses risk if released regularly or in significant quantities
Soil Mobility: Low due to low solubility and adsorption to soil particles
Precautions: Avoid uncontrolled disposal into soil or water bodies, check with local guidelines for environmental management
Preferred Disposal: Incinerate in accordance with regional and national regulations, use licensed hazardous waste contractor
Waste Code: Depends on regulatory framework, usually non-recyclable contaminated waste
Do Not: Flush down the drain or dispose through municipal landfill unregulated
Container Cleaning: Triple-rinse empty containers before recycling or disposal if permitted
Shipping Class: Not classified as dangerous for most land or sea transport
Packing Requirements: Tight, sealed packaging to avoid dust emission, proper labeling, transport with accompanying safety documentation
Special Instructions: Protect from moisture and strong impacts during transport
Spill Response: For significant release during shipment, follow material spill protocol including isolation and ventilation
Workplace Regulations: Subject to chemical workplace safety laws for labeling, handling, and employee training
Regional Registration: Some countries may require registration or notification under chemical inventory rules
Hazard Symbols: Consistent with local labeling rules for irritants, not flagged as an acutely toxic or major environmental hazard
Further Compliance: Consult national and regional chemical management resources for up-to-date compliance requirements, monitor updates from recognized health and environmental agencies
