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Name: 3,5-Dichloroaniline
Chemical Formula: C6H5Cl2N
Synonyms: 3,5-DCA, m-phenylenediamine dichloride derivative
Physical State: Solid, often needle or plate-shaped crystals
Color: White to slightly yellow
Odor: Slight aromatic or musty scent
Common Uses: Intermediate in dye, pharmaceutical, and agricultural chemical production
Main Hazards: Toxic if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin
Skin Contact: Irritation or allergic reactions
Eye Contact: Redness, tearing, possible corneal injury
Inhalation: Respiratory irritation, coughing, difficulty breathing
Long-Term Effects: Potential damage to organs from repeated exposure, possible carcinogen due to related aromatic amine chemistry
Environmental Hazards: Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
Active Ingredient: 3,5-Dichloroaniline
Purity: Typically above 98% in industrial settings, but impurities may include other dichloroaniline isomers or residual reactants from synthesis
Other Substances: Usually traced to limited unwanted chlorinated aromatic amines or inorganic salts
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, loosen restrictive clothing, seek medical attention for persistent symptoms
Eye Contact: Flush with copious clean water for several minutes, avoid rubbing, call a medical professional if irritation continues
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with soap and water, monitor for rashes, allergic reactions, or blisters
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water, obtain medical advice promptly
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide—water spray may help cool down involved containers
Hazardous Combustion Products: Dense, toxic smoke; possible release of hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, and phosgene
Fire-Fighter Protection: Full protective clothing, self-contained breathing apparatus, stay upwind from fire
Additional Concerns: Runoff from fire fighting may cause environmental contamination
Personal Precautions: Avoid breathing dust, minimize skin contact, ventilate area, evacuate non-essential personnel
Containment: Prevent spread by covering spills with damp absorbent material, isolate area
Cleanup: Use non-sparking tools, place residues into waste containers for proper disposal, wash spill area thoroughly
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, drains, and waterways due to potential aquatic toxicity
Handling Practices: Use in well-ventilated environments, avoid open flames and heat sources
Storage Requirements: Store in tightly sealed containers, away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and acids
Safety Practices: Label storage areas clearly, never eat, drink, or smoke around active handling zones, keep emergency showers and eyewash stations accessible
Engineering Controls: Employ local exhaust ventilation to reduce airborne particulates
Personal Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats or coveralls
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved respirators during dust-generating operations or where exposure limits risk being exceeded
Hygiene Practices: Wash thoroughly after handling, do not reuse contaminated clothing until cleaned
Physical State: Crystalline solid
Color: White to light yellow
Odor: Slight aromatic
Melting Point: 71-74°C
Boiling Point: 305°C (decomposes)
Density: Around 1.4 g/cm³
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, more in organic solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, benzene
Vapor Pressure: Very low at room temperature
pH: Not typically measured for solids; can influence acidity if dissolved
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under recommended storage conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Strong heating, direct sunlight, moisture
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, and certain metals
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, toxic aromatic amines
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact
Acute Toxicity: Nausea, headaches, respiratory irritation, and skin or eye injury
Chronic Risks: Potential for hemolytic anemia, liver or kidney injury on repeated or high exposure
Carcinogenicity: Related aromatic amines show cancer risk, creating concern for chronic handlers
Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity: Potential based on chemical class, documented in some studies with similar compounds
Sensitization: Some cases of allergic skin reactions or asthma reported in occupational settings
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and other aquatic species
Persistence and Degradability: Poorly and slowly degradable, tends to accumulate in sediments
Bioaccumulation Potential: Can increase in tissues of aquatic organisms over time
Soil Impact: Resistant to quick breakdown, may migrate into soil and water tables if released carelessly
Waste Treatment: Destroy by incineration in specialized chemical waste facilities
Disposal Methods: Segregate from household or non-hazardous waste streams, label containers clearly, do not flush into sewers or water systems
Regulatory Obligations: Follow hazardous waste requirements, retain documentation of waste disposal
Package Types: Use fiberboard or metal drums with tight seals
Transport Risks: Keep away from oxidizers, moisture, and uncontrolled heat
Transport Responsibility: Monitor during transit, protect against breakage or accidental release, always communicate hazard information to all carriers
International Restrictions: Regulations differ between countries; some treat it as a restricted chemical due to environmental and health risks
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH and other agencies may set exposure limits for workplace air
Environmental Regulations: Listed as hazardous in many chemical safety inventories
Labeling Requirements: Hazard pictograms, warning words, and hazard statements required under GHS
Worker Notification: Employers must inform handlers about hazards and train on proper procedures
Global Control: Movement and usage often reported to regulatory bodies due to potential misuse or environmental persistence
