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Chemical Name: 3,4-Dimethylaniline
Synonyms: 3,4-Xylidine
Chemical Formula: C8H11N
CAS Number: 95-64-7
Common Use: Used in dye manufacturing, chemical research, and as an intermediate in organic synthesis
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (Oral, Dermal, Inhalation), Skin and eye irritant
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. Causes skin and eye irritation. May cause damage to the blood or kidneys after prolonged exposure. Dangerous vapors may cause headaches or respiratory irritation.
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, Health hazard
Main Risks: Acute exposure often leads to dizziness or nausea. Long-term contact could threaten blood health and kidney function. Strong irritant to eyes and skin.
Main Ingredient: 3,4-Dimethylaniline (purity generally over 98%)
Impurities: Residual toluene derivatives or unreacted aniline present in trace amounts
Form: Usually appears as a clear, colorless to light yellow liquid
Inhalation: Take exposed individuals to fresh air promptly. Seek medical help if respiratory discomfort or headaches persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and running water. Do not ignore persistent irritation or allergic reaction—get medical advice.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids to ensure thorough flushing. Seek medical attention for ongoing pain, redness, or visual disturbance.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water if the person is alert. Quick medical evaluation is important, especially if symptoms appear.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Water may spread the material if it runs off.
Unsuitable Media: Water jet can scatter the chemical.
Special Hazards: Combustion creates hazardous nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and potentially other toxic gases.
Precautions for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear. Approach upwind to avoid vapors.
Personal Precautions: Use protective gloves, safety goggles, and a fitted respirator where vapor exposure risks exist.
Environmental Cautions: Keep chemical out of drains, soil, and water sources. Contain spill to prevent broader contamination.
Cleanup Methods: Absorb spills with inert material and collect in tightly closed containers for proper disposal. Ventilate area and wash surfaces when cleanup is complete.
Safe Handling: Keep containers tightly closed. Handle in a chemical fume hood or area with strong ventilation. Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Storage: Store away from strong acids, bases, oxidizers, and direct sunlight. Maintain at room temperature in a dry and well-ventilated area. Keep away from heat sources or open flames.
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limits specific to this compound, but similar xylidines have low recommended thresholds.
Engineering Controls: Strong local exhaust ventilation or chemical fume hood recommended.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or butyl), tightly sealed goggles, flame-retardant lab coat, and an approved respirator when vapor exposure might rise.
Appearance: Colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid
Odor: Aromatic, amine-like odor
Boiling Point: 235 - 238°C
Melting Point: Liquid at room temperature, sometimes crystallizes near 10°C
Flash Point: Close to 110°C
Solubility in Water: Not highly soluble, mixes more readily with organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Low at ambient temperature
Density: About 0.99 g/cm³
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions with typical lab precautions
Reactivity: May react with strong oxidizers, acids, and acid chlorides. Heat or UV can cause decomposition.
Hazardous Products of Decomposition: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other toxic gases may form under fire or intense heat
Plausible Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin or eye contact
Short-Term Risks: Can quickly irritate skin and eyes. Inhalation may cause dizziness, headache, or throat pain.
Long-Term Risks: Chemicals in this family have caused methemoglobinemia and kidney damage with extended exposure. Animal studies show potential for blood disorders and possible carcinogenic risks, although long-term workplace studies remain limited.
Environmental Hazards: Toxic to aquatic organisms. Can cause long-term effects in water bodies if released.
Mobility: Not highly mobile in soil, tends to adhere to organic matter, but spills seep into groundwater after significant releases.
Persistence and Degradability: Degrades slowly—bioaccumulation in aquatic environments is possible.
Method: Collect waste for incineration at approved chemical waste processing facilities. Do not dump into sewers, soil, or bodies of water.
Additional Steps: Decontaminate tools and containers, label waste for hazardous disposal, and follow local regulations strictly.
UN Number: Not regulated as a hazardous material by road or rail in small laboratory quantities, but shipment in bulk or large containers may fall under hazard regulation for toxic organic compounds.
Packing Group: Usually assigned to group III for moderate risk chemicals unless shipped in large volumes.
Special Precautions: Package tightly and clearly label all containers. Prevent leaks that could endanger workers or the environment.
International Status: Regulated as a hazardous substance in the European Union under REACH. American workplace standards may reference general guidelines for aromatic amines.
Workplace Safety: Strongly urged under OSHA laboratory standards to maintain engineering controls, proper PPE, and safe handling and storage.
EPA Considerations: Releases into waterways may be subject to reporting and penalties.
Employee Right-to-Know: Employees working with or near 3,4-dimethylaniline must have access to hazard information and emergency procedures.
