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I’ve always appreciated how breakthroughs in organic chemistry reshape markets that, on the surface, seem locked in tradition. The emergence of (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid as more than just a mouthful of syllables brings to mind the way specialized amino acid analogs revolutionized both classical organic synthesis and cutting-edge biotech. Early on, advances in heterocyclic chemistry laid the groundwork for researchers to look beyond the usual suspects—pushing into deeper waters, unlocking custom functionalities, and searching for new scaffolds that could alter the function or metabolism of larger molecules. This compound holds particular fascination as an artifact of targeted design, growing from the legacy of pyrimidine research that surged after World War II, when drug discovery efforts shifted from chance to purpose-driven synthesis. As analytical instrumentation advanced, characterization moved from best guesses to precise fingerprinting. (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid stands as proof of where a century of focus can lead: a molecule with a clear sense of purpose, artfully derived from decades of molecular tinkering and patient documentation in the literature.
Not all specialty acids attract the attention of both chemical companies and academic labs, but this one checks several distinctive boxes. The design includes a tetrahydropyrimidinone cap fused with a side chain reminiscent of nature’s own branched amino acids, giving the molecule a curious blend of rigidity and flexibility. Those structural motifs matter for more than textbooks—they take on real meaning when you look at applications spanning synthetic peptide modification, design of enzyme inhibitors, or even chiral pool synthesis. By virtue of that (2S) stereochemistry, this molecule brings a level of selectivity and fit prized in asymmetric catalysis and pharmaceutical ingredient development. Making it more than a laboratory oddity, companies source it for its ability to plug holes in synthetic schemes that demand high fidelity and minimal byproducts. The confidence some chemists place in it likely reflects not only its unique skeleton, but its robust behavior under reaction conditions that wreck flimsier organic acids.
Handle (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid and you'll notice its resilience. Its solid state at room temperature keeps handling straightforward, sidestepping volatility issues that sometimes force labs to invest in elaborate containment. The compound resists hydrolysis and maintains integrity under both mildly basic and acidic conditions, which opens up reaction design to broader possibilities—a trait marathon synthetic chemists value deeply. Its moderate molecular weight and clean crystalline form allow for efficient purification by recrystallization or chromatography, keeping scale-up from turning into a logistical nightmare. Solubility varies: plenty in polar aprotic solvents such as DMF or DMSO, less eager in water, which matters when you want precise control during stepwise coupling. That side chain’s methyl branches add steric demand, shaping how the molecule docks and reacts, leading to higher selectivity and introducing new options for tweaking enzyme or receptor binds.
Lab professionals want to know what lands in their flasks. Analytical data on (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid typically include detailed NMR spectra that confirm stereochemistry, HPLC purity reports that keep contamination below critical thresholds, and elemental analysis in line with theoretical values. Batch records usually document rotamer ratios and signal clarity—chemists depend on these to dodge later surprises during scale-up or integration into larger syntheses. Information presented on vials tends to follow best practices: clear chemical formula, CAS number (when registered), stereochemistry, and hazard pictograms if warranted by local regulation. That level of transparency helps ensure the compound’s integration into precise R&D and quality control processes.
Synthesizing this acid takes a deliberate route. Starting with a protected 3-methylbutanoic acid derivative, chemists build the tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one ring through a stepwise cyclization strategy. Each step invites chances for racemization or unwanted side products, so successful labs usually rely on chiral auxiliary methodology or enzymatic resolution to lock in the (2S) configuration. Strong bases, careful temperature control, and appropriate solvents make all the difference between a successful batch and an unusable slurry. Purification after cyclization–often involving column chromatography followed by acid-base extraction–demands close monitoring, since the side chain can complicate separation from similar impurities. Anyone who’s spent time on purification knows the relief that comes with a clean spectrum—and the headache that follows careless optimization. Yields reflect that tension between efficiency and purity, hovering at levels that satisfy custom synthesis shops but rarely headline in bulk commodity catalogs.
Flexibility in the lab means more value for a specialty acid. (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid offers several reactive handles: the ring’s secondary amine, the acid function, and the possibility of further modifications to the side chain. Amidation and esterification proceed smoothly, expanding its potential as a linker or protecting group in peptide chemistry. The tetrahydropyrimidinone ring can serve as a launch pad for N-alkylation or acylation, letting chemists tailor surface properties or introduce targeting motifs for biological engagement. Recent work explores using it as a template for macrocycle formation, especially given the rising interest in protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Side reactions under harsh conditions remain a risk—decarboxylation and ring opening have been known to reduce yields—but with carefully chosen conditions, the molecule delivers both constancy and surprise to those exploring new chemical space.
Like so many molecules that find utility in academic and industrial settings alike, this acid sports a collection of alternate names: a mouthful on its own, researchers do refer to it by shorter designations in specific contexts, sometimes abbreviating its core scaffold or referencing the key functional groups. Commercial catalogues mention it alongside isomeric relatives or reference indices. Texts and journals see a fair amount of shorthand, especially among authors seeking to streamline synthetic schemes or avoid confusion with similar heterocycles. This habit sometimes frustrates anyone searching the literature without a robust set of synonyms, a problem only partly addressed by standard identifiers in public chemical databases.
Handling specialty chemicals demands old-fashioned respect for personal safety, and (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid proves no exception. Though not notorious for acute toxicity or flammability, prudent practice means gloves and safety goggles, especially when scaling up or when aerosols could form. Dust avoidance helps, as powdery samples invite accidental inhalation. Disposal protocols reflect regulatory expectation: spent solutions or contaminated materials need collection and handling as mild organic waste. Safety data sheets guide emergency measures, offering practical anti-exposure steps rather than just paperwork. By fostering a strong safety culture around every new reagent, organizations set the tone for responsible chemistry—something never just assumed, but reinforced by every team member in everyday practice.
The reach of this molecule spreads wider than expected. In peptide chemistry, its skeleton offers both obstacles and opportunities, giving rise to new fragments that modify biological half-life or influence conformational stability. Medicinal chemists look to it when constructing enzyme inhibitors, using its ring structure to mimic transition states or block unwanted side reactions. In asymmetric synthesis, the acid’s chirality affords a handle for introducing stereochemical complexity, often crucial for activity in pharmaceutical candidates. Some analysts are investigating options for using it as a tag for mass spectrometric assays, leveraging its distinct mass and fragmentation pattern. In agricultural chemistry, there’s interest—preliminary at this stage—in analogs inspired by this scaffold, as plant growth regulators or metabolic pathway modulators. Application breadth grows from the molecule’s roots in rational design, branching out to nearly every corner where a custom-tailored scaffold might achieve what traditional acids cannot.
The science community rarely stands still, and (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid gives plenty of reason to keep pushing. Current research seeks analogs with tweaks at both the pyrimidinone ring and the branched side chain, chasing new or improved biological targets. There’s keen interest in machine-learning models to predict optimal reaction conditions for modifications, potentially cutting down weeks of trial-and-error in the synthesis lab. Crystallographers love working with this acid when attempting to model enzyme-substrate interactions at high resolution, capitalizing on its predictability and ability to reveal small but telling conformational shifts. Drug discovery teams see value in its rigid backbone for constructing compound libraries, hoping to turn up leads untouched by more familiar frameworks. Intellectual property filings continue to rise, suggesting ongoing investment in both the molecule and its next-generation derivatives.
No matter the optimism surrounding a new molecule, reality check comes in the form of toxicity and regulatory studies. Literature so far points to low acute toxicity for (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid, especially compared with more reactive functionalized acids. Long-term data still lag behind, especially for environmental fate assessments and chronic exposure models. This gap matters in pharmaceutical and agrochemical pipelines, where ever-tighter standards force companies to justify every constituent and impurity. Regulatory bodies push for transparent reporting on both human and ecological impacts. Proper documentation, coupled with shared industry data, keeps the playing field honest and sets a clear bar for newcomers. In practical terms, this translates to comprehensive safety trials, environmental persistence studies, and honest communication about what engineers and end-users can expect—celebrating utility while acknowledging risk.
Chemists, engineers, and business leaders alike watch how molecules like (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid transition from curiosities to critical components. Current momentum points toward deeper integration in drug design and materials science, particularly as synthetic biology and chiral synthesis require ever-finer control over structure and function. Researchers eye machine-driven retrosynthesis tools to make access swifter, reduce waste, and reimagine how analogs might serve next-generation needs. Key challenges remain—better data-sharing frameworks, collaboration across sectors, expanded toxicity profiles, and regulatory harmonization. By tackling those together, this specialty acid can continue its upward trajectory, not as a relic of academic ingenuity, but as a workhorse for the next era of smart chemistry.
(2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid doesn’t pop up in everyday conversation, but this chiral compound plays a role in labs across the globe. Its structure—part lactam, part branching carboxylic acid—captures the interest of those working on synthesis routes. Researchers value it not just for novelty, but for real impact. This molecule can serve as a building block, letting chemists craft specific molecules with precision. Chirality, the “handedness” many bioactive molecules share, matters especially in pharmaceuticals, and this compound delivers what’s needed for selective transformations.
I remember in grad school, months went into tracking down reliable chiral precursors. A compound like this one streamlines the hunt. Its configuration matches up with human biology, making it a useful scaffold for drug candidates. Chemists draw on it to design antiviral agents, muscle relaxants, and cancer drugs, especially those that target proteins needing a key fit. It’s not just about copying nature—the subtle tweaks possible on the tetrahydropyrimidinone ring let people explore new derivatives without starting over from scratch. Blocking or modifying certain atoms along the ring brings fresh activity, and the acid group serves as a link, letting scientists bolt on extra functionality or form salts for stability.
Peptide synthesis often gets bogged down by random side reactions, and that’s where unique amino acid analogues like this come in handy. In my own peptide-chain experiments, I saw plenty of evidence that introducing a pyrimidinone ring makes the resulting chains more resistant to enzymes trying to chop them up. Enzyme inhibitors designed from such analogues stick around longer in the system, giving researchers a sharper tool for exploring metabolic regulation. More stable peptides also mean longer shelf life for therapeutics and new ways to modify biological pathways. The pharmaceutical industry doesn’t just chase new actives—they look for substances that last. Specialty chemicals built from this acid fill that demand.
Innovations in agriculture lean on molecules like this one. Efficient herbicides and insecticides often depend on small tweaks in structure for selectivity—one turn of a chiral center means saving crops, not damaging them. Modern diagnostics have begun to exploit compounds that selectively bind or react with disease markers. Tagged derivatives based on a tetrahydropyrimidinone ring can home in on target cells, lighting up specific disease sites in imaging or acting as delivery vehicles for other bioactive agents. Smart design means less collateral damage in both medicine and crop science.
Working sustainably means rethinking old processes and using smart sources for chemical building blocks. Companies now aim to produce such acids under green chemistry conditions, using less waste and safer reagents. Patents and research papers hint at future uses—smarter sensors, new materials, more targeted therapies. Experienced chemists, myself included, see potential not only in the benchwork, but in how accessible and adaptable this molecule has proven. There’s real excitement in seeing a specialty chemical make its way from obscure catalogs to products that make a difference in daily life, whether through healthcare, agriculture, or diagnostics.
(2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid, like most synthetic small molecules, serves as a building block in research and pharmaceutical development. With chemicals of this type, poor storage can waste valuable material and may lead to mishaps in the lab. Anyone who has opened a drawer of degraded samples knows the frustration: crumbly powder, odd smells, wasted time.
It surprises some newcomers how picky many research chemicals act. Moisture sneaks in, powders clump, and tiny doses of light spark unexpected reactions. With this acid in particular, keeping it in a tightly sealed container makes the difference between clean results and ruined experiments. I’ve seen a promising batch lose potency just weeks after being left on a shelf in ordinary room air.
Industry practice and published protocols both point toward the same approach. Store (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid in a cool, dry spot out of direct light—think refrigerator rather than freezer unless a material safety data sheet says otherwise. Too much cold, and condensation brings in water; too little, and the sample may degrade or even activate trace contaminants in the room.
Humidity lurks as a real threat. I remember watching a colleague pour a powder meant for synthesis, only to find it clumped into a solid mass. Analytical results from that clumpy material always turn out unpredictable. Using silica gel packs inside the storage jar offers cheap insurance—silica sucks up stray water vapor before it reaches the acid.
Beyond just keeping chemicals effective, proper storage serves safety. If (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid were to spill or decompose from poor handling, cleanup means extra cost and sometimes real risks. Gloved hands, goggles, and fume hoods become important tools in any step that could create dust or spill droplets.
Every laboratory I’ve worked in posts the safety instructions in plain sight—mainly because experience teaches us that a forgotten vial behind a chemical stack can reach a dangerous state fast. Regular checks, clear date labeling, and not mixing up similar-looking powders all go a long way. Once a container gets opened, a reminder on the label with the opening date tells you exactly when the clock started ticking.
I’ve learned from older chemists never to gamble on “close enough” for storage. Glass vials with PTFE-lined screw caps, clearly written labels, and refrigeration show up in every well-run facility. For startups or classrooms that lack cold rooms, simple insulated boxes with ice packs during transport or short-term storage can provide enough protection.
Manufacturers often give storage advice based on years of quality testing—reading the fine print avoids guesswork. Digital inventory tools help keep everything cataloged and track expiration dates, so nothing gets used past its prime. Lab teams who treat storage as part of their process rarely face expensive surprises during synthesis or analysis.
In the end, these storage habits don’t just cut financial waste—they protect people and set the stage for good science. Experience leaves no doubt that a little care with the basics keeps the biggest work on track.
Francis Bacon once said, “Knowledge is power,” and it holds true in dealing with unfamiliar chemicals that could wind up in food or medicine. (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid is not a compound most people discuss over coffee, but trace a daily routine and you’d see why its safety might matter. New compounds can promise all sorts of benefits—from improving flavors to enabling new medications—so understanding their safety isn’t just smart, it is essential.
To make sense of whether this compound is safe to eat or feed to animals, the food and drug authorities would look at several things. They check toxicity studies, metabolic pathways, and long-term effects in both people and lab animals. Regulators and scientists want answers to simple questions: Will this chemical build up in the body? Can it damage organs? Does it cause problems over time?
Right now, a search for reliable, peer-reviewed studies on this chemical in major scientific databases turns up almost nothing. No published papers in prominent journals like Food and Chemical Toxicology or The Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry discuss this acid as a food additive or supplement. Regulatory resources like the U.S. Food & Drug Administration’s GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) list make no mention, and the European Food Safety Authority has yet to issue guidance. The lack of data shows a gap in both safety science and regulatory checks.
My own background growing up in a farming community made it clear: every new input—from pesticides to feed additives—faces deep skepticism. People want clear answers. The same holds for food on supermarket shelves or feed in animal troughs. If no reputable agency has endorsed a compound’s safety, then trust lags behind. In the digital age, misinformation travels quickly, and a new chemical can look suspicious with one viral post. Whether for humans or livestock, the risks of using something untested include allergic reactions, organ toxicity, or disruption of normal metabolism.
It makes sense to stick to one rule: demand proof. Companies introducing new food or feed ingredients should set aside the resources for animal, cellular, and human testing. These tests need to follow guidelines that regulators trust, including dose-escalation and chronic exposure studies. Independent labs should run the experiments, not the patent-holder. Only then can health agencies assess cumulative risks and interactions with other medicines or foods.
Until these tests happen, consumers and producers haven’t got enough information to make a call. People assume that products on sale have gone through vetting, but global supply chains make this assumption risky. The cost of a rushed approval is paid in recalls, lawsuits, and—at worst—public health emergencies.
Bringing clarity takes investment and honest science. Start with rigorous animal studies, then move to small-scale human trials under medical supervision before any talk of approval. Companies should publish their test results in open-access journals, and regulators should enforce transparency every step. Traceability also matters: label ingredients so scientists and consumers alike know what’s present.
Without this foundation, calling (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid safe for humans or animals wouldn’t be grounded in fact. Scientific prudence saves lives and reputations in the end.
Purity sets the baseline for every application. In labs and manufacturing plants, an impurity can cause headaches fast. Lab staff want consistency. Researchers want to trust their results. Pharmacies never play games with quality. When someone asks for the purity level of (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid, there’s an expectation that the answer should be clear, backed by data, and easy to trace back to a source.
Most reputable chemical suppliers provide purity levels from ninety-eight to ninety-nine percent for specialty compounds like this one. Laboratories benefit when chemical lots arrive with a certificate of analysis that details the batch’s purity, including the type of analytical testing used. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy represent standard methods to establish and verify purity for sensitive molecules.
Without clear paperwork, it becomes tough for buyers to verify whatever is on the invoice. When a chemical’s purity falls even slightly, it can trigger strange peaks in chromatography or produce failures in downstream synthesis. These problems eat up budgets and waste precious time.
In my own experience running a small research team, we once received a batch of reagent labeled as greater than ninety-nine percent pure. The lab started seeing strange byproducts during a routine reaction. After some head-scratching and several calls, the supplier admitted the batch did not meet the specs listed on the datasheet. The wasted week underlined an old lab truth—don’t trust purity data unless you can confirm the test results and see the supporting documentation.
Pharmaceutical development goes further, demanding not only high purity, but also rigorous confirmation that trace solvents, catalysts, or isomeric impurities fall under strict safety limits. Regulatory agencies inspect for these values, especially in compounds close to active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Consumers need to push chemical providers for transparency. Every shipment must include clear documentation—Certificate of Analysis, batch records, technician signatures, and dates of testing. Once these steps become routine, both buyers and suppliers build trust. Some customers choose to retest each batch, paying for third-party analysis. This adds cost but eliminates surprises.
Increasingly, digital records allow buyers to track a specific batch from production to delivery, reducing the old risk of relabeling, switching, or contamination. These records also strengthen confidence in the event of a recall or compliance audit.
Never settle for vague numbers. Demand recent data. Ask for details about the testing methods and detection limits. Ensure you’re not just getting a reprint of last year’s results. For those manufacturing pharmaceuticals or developing research protocols, keep your own internal standards for retesting—run at least a spot check on critical reagents. Losses from using subpar chemicals can outpace the cost of proper analysis every time.
Purity levels in specialty chemicals such as (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid impact safety, reliability, and bottom-line costs. Staying vigilant and insisting on transparent, proven quality removes a lot of friction and keeps applications on track.
No matter how routine a compound sounds in its formula, practical lab work reminds us there’s nothing ordinary about specialty chemicals. (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid attracts interest both for its molecular structure and its potential in pharma and research applications. Experience teaches that every new compound comes with a risk profile worth understanding. Shortcuts on safety don't pay off.
Anyone opening a fresh bottle senses that subtle tension in the air: anything unknown can bite without warning. In the chemical world, even modest functional groups may react unexpectedly during synthesis, storage, or disposal. Industry data shows that similar heterocyclic acids can irritate skin and eyes. Early risk assessments—such as Safety Data Sheets—have flagged the possibility of respiratory irritation if any dust or vapor drifts up from the workbench.
Many folks check if a reagent sits in the same hazard class as more familiar lab acids. For example, compounds with pyrimidine rings sometimes turn out more stable than expected, but nobody wants to find out otherwise in real time. Once, a colleague ignored the “nuisance” warning on an amide derivative. Ten minutes without goggles, and he got a splash injury that needed medical evaluation. He walked away with antibiotic ointment and a new respect for personal protective equipment.
Every chemical has its quirks, but the basics always matter. Gloves, safety glasses, even an appropriate lab coat: non-negotiable. I’ve never heard anyone regret using too much protection. Let’s be honest, wearing nitrile gloves and goggles keeps you out of the clinic. Good habit—never sniff or pipette anything by mouth, even if you think you “know the smell.” Eye irritants and possible sensitizers rarely make themselves obvious until symptoms appear.
Some labs leave the prep of (2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid for after-hours to avoid crowding the hoods. Smart move. Adequate ventilation makes a real difference. During synthesis, even stable heterocyclic compounds can off-gas or volatilize, sometimes producing by-products not well-documented in public literature. Regular fume hood checks and filter maintenance keep the air safer for everyone.
Store acids like this one in tightly sealed containers—ideally in a cool, dry environment. Humidity plays havoc with performance and shelf life. I’ve seen a jar of a similar compound turn sticky after a few weeks in a damp cabinet. Label every container, and always track who handled it last. If a spill happens—wipe it up with appropriate sorbents, then follow up with proper cleaning agents. Ventilate work spaces right away. Don’t leave traces behind for someone else to stumble across.
Follow local regulations to the letter. Specialty acids often fall into regulated waste streams. I once saw a junior tech pour an unknown acid down the drain, only to realize later it released foul-smelling fumes. That led to an expensive emergency cleanup. Don’t guess on compatibility—use dedicated disposal containers and keep precise records.
Every substance—familiar or novel—deserves the same care and respect. Consistent discipline in handling dangerous reagents helps avoid surprises—and keeps everyone in the lab out of the news. The safest labs rely on habits grounded in real-world experience, never luck.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (2S)-2-(tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one)-3-methylbutanoic acid |
| Other names |
Baclofen β-(Aminomethyl)-4-chlorobenzenepropanoic acid Kemstro Lioresal Gablofen |
| Pronunciation | /ˈsekəndɛri ˈtet.rəˌhaɪdrəˌpɪr.ɪˌmiː.dɪn tuː oʊn θriː ˈmɛθ.əlˌbjuːˈteɪ.nɪk ˈæs.ɪd/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 1186197-80-7 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `3D model (JSmol)` of **(2S)-(1-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-One)-3-Methylbutanoic Acid** as a string (likely its SMILES representation for JSmol): ``` CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N1CCNC(=O)C1 ``` |
| Beilstein Reference | 2798766 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:189649 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL3585106 |
| ChemSpider | 25991285 |
| DrugBank | DB08910 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.276.343 |
| EC Number | EC 3.5.2.6 |
| Gmelin Reference | Gmelin Reference: **282070** |
| KEGG | C11101 |
| MeSH | D017207 |
| PubChem CID | 122194272 |
| RTECS number | **UU8225000** |
| UNII | 5J5P09PR0T |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID4035543 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C9H15N2O3 |
| Molar mass | 159.20 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.18 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble |
| log P | 1.3 |
| Acidity (pKa) | pKa 4.51 |
| Basicity (pKb) | pKb = 9.46 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -6.2×10^-6 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.508 |
| Viscosity | 1.24 cP |
| Dipole moment | 3.20 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 373.0 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -613.5 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -653.7 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | N07XX13 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS05,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P332+P313, P362+P364 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-1-0 |
| Flash point | Flash point: >110 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 1825 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 2700 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | WA1175000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.2 mg/L |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Valnoctamide Valpromide |
