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Chemical Name: 2-Nitrobutane
Synonyms: sec-Nitrobutane, 1-Methyl-1-nitropropane
CAS Number: 610-25-3
Recommended Use: Laboratory chemical, industrial manufacturing
Manufacturer: Available from several global chemical suppliers
Emergency Contact: Local poison control or emergency services
GHS Classification: Flammable Liquid (Category 3), Acute Toxicity (Oral, Category 4), Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Single Exposure (Category 3), Eye Irritation (Category 2A)
Hazard Symbols: Flame, Exclamation Mark
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor. Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Prolonged inhalation brings risk of central nervous system depression.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, wash hands after handling, use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area, keep away from ignition sources.
Substance: 2-Nitrobutane
Chemical Formula: C4H9NO2
Molecular Weight: 103.12 g/mol
Concentration: 98% or higher
Impurities: Minimal, if any; typical technical grade contains less than 2% related organic compounds
Inhalation: Move to fresh air promptly. Support breathing as needed using oxygen. If symptoms of drowsiness, headache, or dizziness persist, consult medical professionals.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Persistent irritation or redness requires medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, thoroughly wash skin with plentiful soap and water. See a doctor if persistent irritation develops.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly. Do not induce vomiting unless told to by medical personnel. Give nothing by mouth to an unconscious person. Immediate professional assessment is recommended for large exposures.
Symptoms: Headache, nausea, drowsiness, eye irritation, coughing.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: High-pressure water jets
Specific Hazards: Releases toxic fumes of nitrous oxides and carbon oxides during combustion. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Containers exposed to fire may rupture violently.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing resisting chemical exposure. Avoid inhalation of fumes and gases.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel, ventilate confined spaces, eliminate sources of ignition, avoid vapor inhalation.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, drains, waterways. Report significant spill incidents to local environmental authorities.
Containment and Cleanup: Soak up spill with dry inert absorbent (sand, earth, vermiculite). Place in suitable closed container for disposal. Decontaminate spill area fully with soap and water. Wash area down with copious water to minimize vapor and residue.
Handling: Use in a chemical fume hood or well-ventilated area. Open containers carefully, avoiding breathing vapors or mists. Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. Use spark-proof tools.
Storage: Store in a tightly closed, properly labeled container. Keep in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place away from incompatibles such as oxidizers, acids, and sources of heat or flame. Protect from physical damage.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, acids, alkalis.
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hoods, explosion-proof ventilation as needed. Contain sources of ignition.
Eye Protection: Safety goggles or face shield for splash protection.
Skin Protection: Wear chemically resistant impermeable gloves, lab coat or apron.
Respiratory Protection: Approved organic vapor respirator if ventilation is insufficient.
Hygiene Measures: Wash thoroughly after handling, launder contaminated clothing before reuse.
Occupational Exposure Limits: No strict legal limit set, but minimize exposure based on workplace guidelines for similar nitroalkanes.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Mild, sweet odor
Melting Point: -91 °C
Boiling Point: 116-118 °C
Flash Point: 32 °C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: 365 °C
Explosion Limits: Lower 1.8 vol%, Upper 10.6 vol%
Vapor Density: 3.5 (air = 1)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, miscible with many organic solvents
Density: 0.99 g/cm³ at 25 °C
Vapor Pressure: 23 mm Hg at 20 °C
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): 1.09
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Instability Conditions: Heat, open flames, ignition sources.
Incompatible Materials: Oxidizers, acids, alkalis, reducing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition: Nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, potentially irritating organic vapors.
Polymerization: Does not occur under recommended conditions.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion.
Acute Toxicity (oral): LD50 (rat): ~290 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Repeated contact may cause mild to moderate irritation; rarely severe.
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes significant discomfort, tearing, redness, possible corneal injury with exposure.
Respiratory Effects: Drowsiness, headache, dizziness; high concentrations can depress central nervous system.
Chronic Effects: Long-term repeated exposure may affect kidney and liver function in animal studies.
Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Reproductive Toxicity: No clear human evidence; limited animal studies suggest need for caution.
Symptoms: Headache, nausea, sleepiness, eye and skin irritation, vomiting, confusion at higher doses.
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms at low concentrations, can disrupt growth and reproduction in algae, fish, invertebrates.
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately persistent; biodegrades by both aerobic and anaerobic pathways in soil and water.
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely to accumulate in aquatic organisms significantly.
Mobility in Soil: Mobile in soil and may reach groundwater. Wash-off can transport the substance to surface water systems.
Other Adverse Effects: Ozone depletion and global warming potential not anticipated from normal use.
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose through licensed chemical waste contractor. Small volumes can be evaporated in a chemical fume hood specifically designed for solvent evaporation.
Packaging Disposal: Decontaminate containers if possible, recycle or dispose as chemical waste.
Regulations: Comply with local, regional, national hazardous waste regulations; avoid discharging into environment.
UN Number: UN 2608
Proper Shipping Name: 2-Nitrobutane
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable Liquid)
Packing Group: III
Marine Pollutant: Not designated for most shipping under IMDG; confirm locally.
Special Precautions: Secure separately from food and feed, follow standard flammable liquid transport practices.
OSHA: Regulated as hazardous material due to flammability and toxicity.
TSCA: Listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act inventory.
European Union (REACH): Listed as a regulated substance, subject to registration.
Canada (DSL/NDSL): Included in the Domestic Substances List (DSL).
SARA Title III: May be reportable under emergency planning and community right-to-know.
Other: Subject to workplace right-to-know training. Local, state, or national chemical safety and environmental agencies set additional requirements for storage, handling, and disposal.
