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Chemical Name: 2-Methyl-2-Propanol
Synonyms: tert-Butyl alcohol, t-Butanol
Chemical Formula: C4H10O
Molecular Weight: 74.12 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid or solid (melting near room temperature)
Odor: Camphor-like
CAS Number: 75-65-0
Health Risks: Inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion bring irritation, headache, and dizziness, with potential for more severe symptoms if exposure builds up. Skin can dry out or crack after too much contact.
Fire Hazards: Vapors gather quickly and flash fire isn’t rare. Flammable liquid warning deserves respect in storage and use.
Environmental Impact: Spills threaten aquatic life if not caught quickly. Volatile vapors raise atmosphere pollution concerns.
NFPA Ratings: Health 1, Flammability 3, Instability 0
Labeling: GHS pictograms signal both acute toxicity and easily-flammable nature.
Main Ingredient: 2-Methyl-2-Propanol
Purity: Commercial grades often approach 99%
Common Impurities: Water, other low-molecular alcohols in trace amounts.
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air. If breathing feels strained or stops altogether, medical attention comes first—oxygen or artificial respiration if trained.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin with plenty of water. Persistent irritation means prompt medical help.
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with running water for at least fifteen minutes. Eye doctor should check persistent discomfort.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, seek medical advice straight away, don’t trigger vomiting unless told by a healthcare professional.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam
Firefighting Precautions: Evacuate area, stop sources of ignition, wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide risk rises in poor ventilation
Other Risks: Containers heat up, rupture, or explode under fire—solid reason to cool tanks with water from a distance
Personal Protection: Gloves, goggles, and a respirator create a shield when cleaning up spills, always with good ventilation
Containment: Build dikes with sand or inert material to stop spread
Cleanup: Scoop up liquids, put waste in sealed container. Do not allow to run off into waterways.
Environmental Care: Quick action protects drains, soil, and plants nearby.
Ventilation: Open windows and use fans if possible, keeping vapor concentrations lower.
Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers, out of sunlight, below 30°C, away from heat sources, acids, and oxidizers. Flammable area rules apply.
Handling Practices: Wear eye protection, gloves, and work in places with air movement. No sparks, open flames, or smoking anywhere near.
Separation: Keep away from incompatible chemicals like strong oxidizers and acids—mixing brings danger.
Housekeeping: Keep storage area clean and organized to minimize chances of accidental leaks or spills
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods and local exhaust fans pull vapors away from workers. General room ventilation works too, as long as it keeps concentrations low.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves keep skin safe. Safety goggles and face shields protect eyes from accidental splashes.
Respiratory Protection: Proper respirators, especially in poorly ventilated or confined places, protect lungs when vapor levels climb above safe thresholds.
Exposure Limits: OSHA sets Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) at 100 ppm (300 mg/m³) for workplace air. NIOSH and ACGIH guidelines mirror these numbers.
Hygiene: Wash up after handling, never eat, drink, or smoke around chemicals.
State: Solid or liquid (melting point near 25°C/77°F)
Boiling Point: Around 83°C (181°F)
Melting Point: About 25°C (77°F)
Density: 0.78 g/cm³
Vapor Pressure: 40 mmHg at 20°C
Solubility: Mixes completely with water
Odor Threshold: Noticeable at low parts per million
Volatility: High vapor pressure makes it evaporate quickly at room conditions.
Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature and pressure under correct storage
Reactivity: Reacts strongly with oxidants and acids—fire risk grows if contact occurs.
Hazardous Reactions: Heat, spark, or static could trigger vapor explosion.
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers (like peroxides, chromium trioxide, nitric acid), acids
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, especially under combustion or decomposition
Routes of Exposure: Inhaled vapors, skin and eye contact, accidental swallowing
Acute Effects: Drowsiness, headache, dry skin, eye discomfort, throat irritation
Chronic Exposure: Extended contact might cause organ damage or nervous system symptoms. Evidence doesn’t show strong cancer links, but long-term data stays limited.
LD50 (oral, rat): About 3,500 mg/kg
Irritation: Direct skin and eye contact lead to redness and irritation.
Environmental Mobility: Spills move quickly in water due to high solubility—streams, soil, and groundwater get exposed in big releases.
Bioaccumulation: Tends not to build up in fish or plants—quick breakdown in nature.
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life at higher concentrations
Persistence: Biodegrades in water and soil, though high dumps create short-term problems for local organisms.
Disposal Method: Incinerate in chemical waste facility, keeping combustion complete to avoid dangerous emissions. Never pour down the drain or into soil.
Container Management: Clean containers carefully before disposal or recycling—leftover vapors still pack a punch.
Regulations: Waste classification guides disposal, often as hazardous due to flammability and toxicity.
UN Number: UN1120
Proper Shipping Name: tert-Butanol
Transport Hazard Class: Flammable liquid (3)
Packing Group: Group III (minor risk but care needed)
Shipping Guidance: Secure drums and containers to prevent movement in transit. Check all labeling, follow hazmat guidelines—open flames and heat completely out of bounds.
OSHA: Classed as hazardous for workplace safety; strict ventilation and PPE standards apply.
EPA: Regulated under hazardous waste listings as ignitable material
GHS: Flammable liquid, acute toxicity risk, listed for signal words ‘Danger’ or ‘Warning’
International Status: Included in many global chemical control lists—safe handling and reporting mandate attention worldwide.
