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Chemical Name: 2-Chlorophenol Other Names: o-Chlorophenol Chemical Formula: C6H5ClO Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct, sharp odor similar to phenol Common Uses: Intermediate in dyes, resins, pesticides, pharmaceuticals
Hazard Classification: Acute toxic, corrosive, irritant Main Hazards: Causes burns to skin and eyes; can harm respiratory tract and central nervous system if inhaled; toxic if swallowed or absorbed through skin Acute Effects: Burning, redness, and blistering on contact with tissue; coughing, shortness of breath; nausea, vomiting Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure may cause liver and kidney damage, dermatitis Environmental Hazards: Hazardous to aquatic life, persistence in environment raises pollution concerns
Component: 2-Chlorophenol Concentration: Typically more than 99 percent pure in industrial use Impurities: Phenol, trace monochlorinated phenols in small concentrations Cas Number: 95-57-8
Inhalation: Move to fresh air immediately; if breathing becomes difficult, seek medical attention and provide oxygen if available Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash affected area with soap and water, do not delay treatment, seek medical help for burns or symptoms Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids, get medical help as irritation or vision changes can indicate lasting damage Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth thoroughly, drink water if conscious, seek medical attention without hesitation
Flammability: Combustible; may emit toxic fumes including hydrogen chloride and phosgene upon combustion Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear Hazardous Combustion Products: Release of hydrochloric acid fumes, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide
Personal Precautions: Avoid contact, ventilate area, wear gloves, goggles, protective clothing, and a respirator appropriate for chemical vapors Containment: Prevent spillage from entering water sources or sewers, use inert absorbent material like sand or vermiculite Clean Up: Gather spilled material with absorbents, place in containers for disposal according to local regulations, wash area with water after removal
Handling: Always use in a well-ventilated area, wear proper personal protective equipment, avoid skin and eye contact, do not breathe vapors Storage: Store away from heat, sources of ignition, oxidizers, and strong acids, use containers that resist corrosion, keep tightly closed Special Considerations: Label storage areas clearly, restrict access to trained personnel, keep emergency spill kits nearby
Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods, local exhaust systems, and chemical-resistant flooring to manage vapors and spills Personal Protection: Wear gloves made of materials like nitrile or neoprene, chemical splash goggles, full-body aprons or lab coats, proper respiratory protection for vapors above exposure limits Permissible Exposure Limits: Set by organizations like OSHA and ACGIH; low limits due to toxicity, usually no more than a few ppm in air
Melting Point: Around 9 degrees Celsius Boiling Point: About 175 degrees Celsius Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, highly soluble in organic solvents Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature; higher exposure risks at elevated temperatures Odor: Sharp, irritating smell, recognizable at very low concentrations Density: 1.26 g/cm³ pH (in water): Slightly acidic
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers, may form explosive mixtures with air at high temperatures Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended handling and storage conditions, but slowly degrades in sunlight Hazardous Reactions: Possibility of violent reactions with strong acids or bases, as well as some metals Decomposition Products: Hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, various chlorinated organic compounds
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 in rats reported as low as 380 mg/kg, making this a high-concern chemical for ingestion Inhalation: Even small amounts can cause lung irritation, coughing, dizziness Skin Absorption: Harmful if absorbed, can cause systemic poisoning Carcinogenic Status: Not specifically listed as a carcinogen by IARC, but long-term exposure concerns exist due to effects on organs Other Effects: Headache, confusion, weakness, and, on severe exposure, risk of collapse or convulsions
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to fish, invertebrates, and aquatic plants even at low concentrations Persistence: Degrades in the environment but resistant enough to accumulate in soil and water if not properly managed Bioaccumulation: Likely due to solubility in fats; risk for wildlife increases over time Mobility: Can move through soil to contaminate groundwater if spills occur
Waste Handling: Collect residues and contaminated materials in sealed, labeled containers; never pour down the drain Disposal: Send to licensed chemical waste disposal facilities; incineration preferred where permitted, following local and national regulations Additional Precautions: Never mix with household waste, keep records of disposal
Transport Classification: Regulated as hazardous material by road, rail, sea, and air Packing Requirements: Use leak-proof, chemically resistant packaging, label clearly as toxic and corrosive Special Handling: Keep away from food items, incompatible substances, and heat during transport
Status: Controlled under multiple national workplace safety and environmental protection frameworks due to acute toxicity and pollution risk Workplace Limits: Requirements for exposure monitoring, training, documentation, and emergency response plans Labelling: Mandatory hazard pictograms, risk phrases, and precautionary statements: “Toxic by inhalation, harmful to aquatic life, causes severe burns” Reporting Obligations: Spills and releases must often be reported to relevant authorities; disposal strictly regulated
