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Chemical Name: 2-Chloroaniline
Synonyms: o-Chloroaniline
Molecular Formula: C6H6ClN
Molecular Weight: 127.57 g/mol
CAS Number: 95-51-2
Appearance: Pale yellow to brown oily liquid
Odor: Aromatic amine odor, sometimes compared to that of aniline
Uses: Dyes, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, laboratory reagent
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity-Oral (Category 3), Acute Toxicity-Dermal (Category 3), Skin Irritation (Category 2), Eye Irritation (Category 2)
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Key Hazards: Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption, irritant to skin, eyes, respiratory tract; potential carcinogen
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Skull and Crossbones, Exclamation Mark, Health Hazard
Target Organs: Blood, liver, kidneys, nervous system
Symptoms: Cyanosis, headache, nausea, weakness, respiratory distress
Main Ingredient: 2-Chloroaniline
Concentration: Generally above 99% for chemical use; impurities are rare in targeted synthesis
Contaminants: Might include aniline, other chloroaniline isomers as trace impurities
Inhalation: Remove exposed person to fresh air without delay. Keep airways open. Oxygen might help in severe cases. Seek medical evaluation—cyanosis and methemoglobinemia are real risks.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin generously with water and mild soap. Do not delay seeking medical attention if irritation persists.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Keeping eyelids apart helps full rinsing. Medical care is essential for lingering pain or redness.
Ingestion: Immediate medical attention is vital. Activated charcoal could be considered for conscious persons, but never induce vomiting.
General Advice: Medical monitoring for methemoglobinemia—bluish coloration of lips, tongue, or skin signals blood oxygen issues.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam. Water can spread the liquid, avoid direct streams.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, phosgene, carbon monoxide
Protective Equipment: Full firefighting gear, including self-contained breathing apparatus
Specific Risks: Vapors may travel with air currents to distant sources of ignition. Closed containers can rupture when heated. Always consider wind direction and evacuate non-essential personnel when large fires threaten chemical stocks.
Personal Protection: Don proper chemical-resistant gloves, splash goggles, and respiratory protection
Environmental Precautions: Block sewer and drain entry. Use dikes or absorbents to limit spread.
Clean-Up Methods: Absorb with sand, inert material, or commercial absorbent. Collect in sealed containers. Label all waste clearly.
Ventilation: Full air exchange in the affected space is wise. Open windows, deploy fans, keep fume extraction ongoing during cleanup.
Handling: Closed-system chemistry, chemical fume hoods, and minimal open handling limits risks. Never eat, drink, or smoke in work areas holding this type of substance.
Storage: Cool, well-ventilated, designated chemical cabinets, shown to resist acids and bases. Keep containers tightly closed—avoid shared storage with oxidizing or acidic materials.
Labeling: Clear hazard marking and secondary containment keeps accidental exposure low.
Occupational Exposure Limits: Limits can be low; for example, OSHA and ACGIH suggest ceiling and time-weighted average exposure not exceeding 0.5 ppm in some jurisdictions.
Engineering Controls: Chemical fume hoods and local ventilators reduce inhalation risk. Regular air monitoring provides evidence-based safety.
Personal Protective Equipment: Impervious gloves (nitrile, neoprene), chemical goggles, lab coats, and appropriate footwear
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved respirators used in higher concentration or spill scenarios
Hygiene Measures: Remove soiled clothing, wash hands and face after handling, never reuse contaminated items.
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature
Color: Pale yellow to brown
Odor: Aromatic amine scent
Boiling Point: About 208°C
Melting Point: About -2°C
Flash Point: Near 87°C (closed cup)
Solubility: Limited in water, better in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature
Density: About 1.22 g/cm³
Other: Unstable color on exposure to air and light over time
Chemical Stability: Stable in tightly closed containers under inert atmospheres
Conditions to Avoid: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, open flames, high temperatures
Hazardous Reactions: Can react to form toxic gases with other reactive substances, especially under fire
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides
Incompatibilities: Acid chlorides, anhydrides, strong oxidizers increase risk of violent reactions
Acute Toxicity: Notable risk by all routes. Estimated oral LD50 in rats around 500 mg/kg. Prolonged or repeated exposure damages blood (methemoglobinemia), liver, and kidneys.
Chronic Effects: Can sensitize skin and respiratory tract. Some studies raise concern for carcinogenic risk. Methylene blue can serve as antidote for chemical-induced cyanosis, but only with professional supervision.
Symptoms of Exposure: Blue lips and skin (cyanosis), confusion, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, muscle weakness, hemolytic anemia. Severe cases can bring seizures or coma.
Other Health Information: Prolonged or repeated exposure should not be understated; even moderate exposure can cause delayed effects.
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms, potential for long-term effects in water systems
Persistence and Degradability: Can persist in soil and water; breaks down slowly under sunlight or through microbial action
Bioaccumulation: Lower than some persistent organics, but uptake through water or soil possible for plants and aquatic life
Mobility in Environment: Limited in soil, moderate in water due to partial solubility
Environmental Precautions: Spills and improper disposal can threaten local ecosystems by entering waterways and soil food chains
Disposal Methods: Dispose through licensed hazardous waste contractors. Incineration with scrubbers handles hazardous emissions better than landfill.
Do Not: Pour unused chemical down sink, storm drain, or ordinary trash bins. Always segregate from household or workplace general waste.
Contaminated Packaging: Must be disposed of as hazardous chemical waste, avoiding any reuse or recycling efforts without thorough decontamination.
Legal Considerations: Strict liability regulations in many states and countries. Secure record keeping of quantities and disposal dates can prevent regulatory or health fallout later.
UN Number: 2018
Proper Shipping Name: 2-Chloroaniline
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Transport Notes: Leaked containers require secondary containment. Emergency cards and trained drivers recommended for higher quantities. Cross-border shipments bring added paperwork and delays; check all route restrictions ahead of time.
Chemical Inventory Status: Listed on key chemical inventories in North America, Europe, and Asia
Federal Regulations: Restrictions under toxic substances and workplace safety regulations in the US (OSHA, TSCA), the EU (REACH, CLP), and similar authorities globally
Worker Safety Rules: Written hazard communication, workplace air monitoring, and medical surveillance can shield workers from common shortfalls Office inspections by regulatory agencies typically review procedures, labeling, and PPE compliance.
Community Right to Know: Required for many users under EPA SARA Title III; neighbors and emergency services can legally access chemical inventories involving 2-chloroaniline.
Chemical Accident Prevention: Safety planning, staff training, and emergency drills demonstrate duty of care in chemical industries, but nothing replaces daily vigilance and reporting culture.
