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Chemical Name: 2-Chloro-2-Methylbutane
Synonyms: tert-Amyl chloride, tert-Pentyl chloride
Chemical Formula: C5H11Cl
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a sharp, sweet, chloroform-like odor
Common Usage: Used in organic synthesis, lab reagents, chemical manufacturing
CAS Number: 594-36-5
Hazard Classes: Flammable Liquid, Irritant
Main Hazards: Liquid generates flammable vapors, can cause respiratory and skin irritation, may cause headaches or dizziness after inhaling fumes, irritating to eyes and mucous membranes
Signal Word: Warning
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, swallowing
Chronic Effects: Frequent exposure can dry out or crack skin, repeated high vapor exposure may cause long-term respiratory irritation
Substance: 2-Chloro-2-Methylbutane (pure compound)
Concentration: Up to 100%
Impurities: Residual solvents or related alkyl chlorides (may appear in small amounts from manufacturing)
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, keep comfortable, loosen tight clothing, seek medical help if symptoms remain
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and plenty of water, remove contaminated clothes, seek medical attention if irritation continues
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with water for several minutes, hold eyelids open, get medical advice if pain or redness persists
Swallowing: Rinse mouth with water, don’t induce vomiting, watch for drowsiness or nausea, call for medical advice
Most Important Symptoms: Dizziness, headache, skin or eye redness, cough, throat irritation
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam, don’t use water jets
Specific Hazards: Burning can release toxic fumes, including hydrogen chloride and carbon monoxide
Protective Equipment: Firefighters need self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Advice for Firefighters: Cool containers with water spray from safe distance, keep people away from downwind smoke
Personal Precautions: Ventilate area, avoid contact with skin and eyes, wear gloves and goggles, keep away from sparks and open flames
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering drains or waterways, avoid soil contamination
Cleanup Methods: Absorb spill with inert material like sand or earth, collect in chemical waste container, wash spill site after pickup, dispose in line with local rules
Safe Handling: Use in fume hood or well-ventilated area, handle with care to avoid spills or splashes, avoid inhaling vapors, keep away from ignition sources
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed container, in cool, dry, ventilated place, keep away from heat, sparks, strong oxidizers
Incompatible Materials: Strong bases, oxidizing agents, acids, prevent contact with aluminum, zinc, copper alloys
Engineering Controls: Good general ventilation, local exhaust recommended
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles or face shield, flame-resistant lab coat
Respiratory Protection: Use masks or respirators if levels go beyond safe exposure limits or in poorly ventilated spaces
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling, remove work clothes before eating, don’t smoke in work area
Appearance: Transparent, colorless liquid
Odor: Sweet, sharp, chloroform-like
Boiling Point: About 86°C
Melting Point: Nearly −117°C
Flash Point: 5°C (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: Higher at room temperature, making it easy to vaporize
Density: Around 0.87 g/cm³
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, mixes well with organic solvents
Viscosity: Low, pours easily
Chemical Stability: Usually stable under normal temperatures and conditions
Conditions to Avoid: High heat, open flames, direct sunlight
Hazardous Reactions: Can form toxic gases if heated strongly or mixed with acids
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, metals like aluminum
Hazardous Decomposition: Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other toxic fumes when combusted
Acute Effects: Breathing vapors irritates nose and throat, can trigger headaches and dizziness, prolonged skin contact can cause redness and dryness, splashes to eyes cause burning
Swallowing: Can lead to nausea, vomiting, central nervous system depression
Chronic Exposure: Prolonged or repeated exposure can thicken skin or worsen respiratory issues
Sensitization: Not known to cause allergies, but careful handling reduces risk
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as cancer-causing by OSHA, NTP, or IARC, though long-term health studies are limited
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life, even in small spills
Persistence and Degradability: Not easily broken down in nature, may persist in water or soil
Bioaccumulation: Low to moderate risk; can build up in wildlife over time
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from draining to surface waters, avoid releasing to natural ground or stormwater run-off
Waste Treatment: Dispose as hazardous chemical waste, follow state and local environmental rules
Disposal Methods: Incinerate in approved facility if possible, do not pour down drain or sewer
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse bottles and send for chemical recycling or dispose as hazardous waste
UN Number: UN 1123
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable Liquid)
Packing Group: II
Transport Labels: Flammable liquid warning sign
Special Precautions: Keep containers upright, avoid temperature extremes during shipping, secure to prevent leakage
OSHA Status: Regulated as hazardous in workplaces
SARA 313: Not subject to specific reporting
TSCA: Listed in chemical inventory
Other Labels: Subject to flammable liquid storage laws, flagged for environmental release controls
Local Compliance: Facilities must keep spill kits and up-to-date training for safe use, meet fire safety codes
