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Chemical Name: 2-Chloro-1-propanol
Chemical Formula: C3H7ClO
Common Uses: Intermediary in pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing; building block for certain surfactants; laboratory reagent.
Appearance: Clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid.
Odor: Faint, pungent scent similar to chloroalkanes.
Synonyms: 2-Chloropropanol, 1-hydroxy-2-chloropropane.
CAS Number: 627-30-5
Classification: Harmful if swallowed; causes skin and eye irritation; suspected of causing genetic defects.
Hazard Statements: Reactivity with heat sources; potential for respiratory irritation after inhalation; skin absorption leads to localized effects and possibly systemic symptoms.
Risk Phrases: Risk of severe irritation via inhalation, ingestion, or direct skin contact; prolonged contact increases danger of sensitization.
Signal Word: Warning
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, Health hazard.
Substance: Pure 2-Chloro-1-propanol (concentration typically greater than 97 percent in industrial settings).
Impurities: Trace amounts of 1-chloro-2-propanol, hydration byproducts, and minor residual starting materials from manufacturing.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air promptly; seek medical attention if symptoms like coughing, throat pain, or dizziness develop or persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; rinse affected skin area under running water for several minutes; soap recommended.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously under gentle water flow for at least 15 minutes; remove contact lenses to ensure complete flushing; seek ophthalmic evaluation.
Ingestion: Rinsing mouth advised; avoid vomiting unless instructed by poison control or a doctor; prompt medical evaluation needed.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, or water spray all offer proper suppression options.
Specific Hazards: Heating produces toxic gases like hydrogen chloride and phosgene.
Protective Equipment: Full protective suit and self-contained breathing apparatus for responders facing large-scale spills or fires.
Personal Precautions: Unprotected individuals should evacuate area immediately; personal protective gear including gloves and goggles expected for handlers.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, soil, or water bodies; use absorbents for liquid control.
Methods for Cleanup: Cover spill with inert absorbent such as vermiculite or sand; sweep up and place in designated chemical waste container; ventilate area thoroughly.
Handling: Work in ventilated areas; minimize splashing and aerosol formation; wear suitable, chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and lab coats.
Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers in cool, dry places; segregate from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases; secure away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods or local exhaust systems; maintain air concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, nitrile or butyl rubber gloves, long-sleeve lab coats recommended during routine handling; bigger transfers or spill response require full-face respirators and chemical suits.
Physical State: Liquid
Melting Point: Near -60°C
Boiling Point: Around 149°C
Solubility: Miscible with water and organic solvents like alcohols and ethers.
Vapor Pressure: Moderate, increases with temperature.
Density: Roughly 1.13 g/cm³ at 25°C.
Flash Point: Approximately 65°C (closed cup).
Chemical Stability: Stable under ambient temperatures and recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers and acids.
Hazardous Decomposition: Combustion releases hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, phosgene.
Routes of Exposure: Skin, eyes, respiratory tract, ingestion.
Acute Effects: Oral exposure produces mild to severe gastric upset and drowsiness; skin and eye contact causes rapid redness and irritation.
Chronic Effects: Repeated or long-term exposure raises risk for liver and kidney damage, suspected mutagenicity based on animal studies.
Sensitization: Potential exists for dermatitis in workers with repeated skin contact.
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms based on available laboratory results; runoff or wastewater discharge to surface waters threatens fish and invertebrates.
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions, yet persists in poorly ventilated soils or stagnant environments.
Bioaccumulation: Low to moderate potential, but breakdown can release secondary toxicants.
Waste Handling: Dispose at authorized hazardous waste facilities; avoid incineration without proper air-pollution controls.
Containment: Dilute solutions best absorbed and collected using compatible absorbents; containerize in sealed, proof containers for transport.
Road/Rail Transport: Packed in approved chemical containers, labeled with hazard classification.
Air/Sea Transport: Subject to international and local transport regulations for hazardous chemicals; not classified as highly dangerous but subject to carriage restrictions based on quantity and concentration.
Spill Risk: Extra precautions taken during bulk transport.
Workplace Regulations: Covered under chemical safety mandates like OSHA and REACH, demanding hazard labeling, exposure monitoring, and worker training.
Environmental Laws: Restrictions on discharge to water or soil enforceable in many regions; hazardous substance registers include reporting thresholds.
Personal Protection Mandates: Facilities managing this chemical hold responsibility for providing access to protective equipment, eye wash stations, and spill-response kits.
