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Common Name: 2,4-Xylenol
Chemical Formula: C8H10O
Structure: Two methyl groups and one hydroxyl group attached to benzene ring at positions 2, 4, and 1
Appearance: Often a colorless to pale yellow crystalline solid, recognized by a strong phenolic odor
Other Names: 2,4-dimethylphenol
Uses: Seen in disinfectants, chemical manufacturing, sometimes present as a breakdown product in environmental pollution
Acute Toxicity: Causes significant irritation to eyes, skin, lungs
Chronic Exposure: Prolonged contact can trigger dermatitis, respiratory distress
Combustibility: Flammable solid, forms hazardous vapors
Health Risks: Absorbed through skin, causes systemic toxicity
Physical Hazards: Forms dust, vapor prone to ignition
Environmental Threat: Toxic to aquatic organisms, bioaccumulates in soil and water
Chemical Content: Nearly pure 2,4-dimethylphenol in technical and laboratory grades
CAS Number: 105-67-9
Impurities: Can contain trace isomers and related phenols as byproducts in manufacturing streams
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, monitor for breathing difficulty, keep at rest
Skin Contact: Rinse immediately with abundant water, remove contaminated clothing, seek medical help if irritation sticks
Eye Contact: Rinse carefully under running water for minutes, get medical support
Ingestion: Seek medical advice, do not induce vomiting due to risk of further esophageal damage
Suitable Extinguishers: Foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide
Special Dangers: Fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and toxic phenolic vapors released
Protective Measures: Firefighters must use self-contained breathing apparatus, protective gear
Fire Behavior: Solid may liquefy, run off spills risk of wider fire spread
Spill Handling: Ventilate area, use personal protective equipment
Containment: Prevent emission to drains or watercourses
Cleanup Methods: Absorb with inert materials, store in sealed waste containers, decontaminate with sodium bisulfite if available
Post-Cleanup: Wash site thoroughly; check for persistent odors and residues signaling incomplete cleanup
Safe Handling: Always handle with chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and appropriate clothing
Ventilation: Use in well-ventilated environments or under fume hoods
Storage Conditions: Store in sealed containers, away from heat, sparks, and incompatible materials like oxidizing agents
Stability Precautions: Keep out of sunlight and humid air to avoid spontaneous degradation and discoloration
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust and containment limit airborne concentrations
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, nitrile gloves, lab coat
Respiratory Protection: Use masks or respirators with organic vapor cartridges if inhalation risk cannot be controlled
Exposure Limits: Regulatory limits may exist for phenols, but exact numbers for 2,4-xylenol can vary by region
Physical State: Solid at room temperature
Melting Point: Around 46°C
Boiling Point: About 210°C
Water Solubility: Slight but not negligible; more soluble in organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Low but enough to cause inhalation hazards in confined settings
Odor Threshold: Easily detected due to strong medicinal, tarry scent
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage, may degrade in moisture or light
Reactivity: Reacts with acids, strong oxidizing agents
Decomposition: Produces toxic gases under fire or strong decomposition
Incompatibilities: Avoid mixing with strong acids, bases, halogens, or oxidizers
Acute Effects: Absorption causes severe irritation, headache, nausea, dizziness
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, eyes, ingestion present real health threats
Chronic Exposure: Quite harsh on skin, disrupts liver and kidney function over repeated contact
Carcinogenicity: No direct classification as human carcinogen but chronic phenolic exposure raises concern
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to fish and invertebrates at low concentrations
Environmental Fate: Persists in the environment, clings to soil, leaches into groundwater if not contained
Biodegradability: Slow to break down, especially in cold or anaerobic conditions
Bioaccumulation: Poses long-term risks due to build-up in living organisms and food webs
Waste Handling: Must be disposed only at qualified facilities for hazardous organic waste
Incineration: High-temperature incineration minimizes environmental impact
Regulatory Compliance: Disposal needs documentation as per regional hazardous material regulations
Do Not: Never dump in regular trash or wastewater streams due to toxicity and persistence
Proper Shipping Name: 2,4-Xylenol, solid
Danger Class: Classified as a hazardous substance for ground, air, and sea transit
Packing Requirements: Closed, clearly labeled chemical containers, separation from foodstuffs and acids
Accident Risks: Vulnerable to spills and leaks causing occupational and environmental harm during transit
Regulation: Listed under chemical hazard and pollutant regulations in major regions
Reporting: Usage and emissions tracked in several countries due to pollution and factory safety laws
Workplace Safety: Strict training, safety planning, and documentation form the backbone of proper handling
Credentialed Control: Oversight by local and national environment and occupational agencies calls for constant review of new toxicology and incident reports
