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Chemical Name: 2,3-Xylenol
Synonyms: 2,3-Dimethylphenol
Chemical Formula: C8H10O
Appearance: Pale yellow solid or oily liquid that gives off a strong, medicinal odor
CAS Number: 526-75-0
Hazard Classification: Harmful if swallowed, irritates skin, causes serious eye damage
Label Elements: Signal words on labeling call attention to acute toxicity and corrosive effects
Health Hazards: Exposure can result in headaches, dizziness, nausea, and irritation of eyes, skin, and airways
Physical Hazards: Flammable with a flash point around 85°C
Environmental Hazards: Spills threaten aquatic life due to toxicity and difficulty in dissolving away
Main ingredient: 2,3-Xylenol (over 98% by weight in commercial samples)
Impurities: Trace amounts of isomeric xylenols
Additives: No stabilizers or inhibitors included in most batches
Inhalation: Move outdoors or to fresh air at once; deeper breathing supports recovery
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin with running water for at least ten minutes
Eye Contact: Use running water or saline to flush eyes for over fifteen minutes, seeking medical help right away
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, seek urgent care
Symptoms: Burning, coughing, headaches may persist with short or repeated exposure
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam
Fire Hazards: Combustion creates toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
Personal Protection: Firefighters wear full protective gear plus breathing apparatus
Precautions: Cool nearby containers with water even if fire looks small, as rupture risk rises in heat
Personal Precautions: Avoid breathing vapor, wear gloves, protect eyes
Environmental Precautions: Block the spread, keep away from drains, surface water, and soil
Clean-Up Methods: Absorb with sand or inert material, shovel into chemical waste containers
Ventilation: Open doors and windows, or use fans to carry away fumes quickly
Disposal: Remove contaminated clean-up materials along with spill waste
Handling: Wear gloves and face shield, do not eat or drink during use, wash hands after contact
Storage: Lock up in tightly closed containers, keep cool and dry, shield from heat and sunlight
Segregation: Store away from oxidizers, acids, and open flames
Incompatibility: Strong oxidizing agents and acids can trigger dangerous reactions
Exposure Limits: National guidelines call for limits to airborne concentrations, usually measured in milligrams per cubic meter
Respiratory Protection: Chemical cartridge respirators or supplied air devices in dusty or vapor-rich areas
Skin Protection: Rubber gloves, chemical resistant suits
Eye/Face Protection: Protective goggles or face shields
Hygiene Measures: Launder clothing and equipment after exposure, do not use contaminated items again without cleaning
State: Solid crystals or slightly oily liquid at room temperature
Odor: Strong, medicinal, phenolic
Melting Point: Around 12-15°C
Boiling Point: Around 215-218°C
Solubility in Water: Slight
Vapor Pressure: Low
Density: About 1.02 grams per cubic centimeter
Flash Point: Approximately 85°C
Viscosity: Thick and oily if not fully solid
Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature in original packaging
Reactivity: Reacts with oxidizing substances, forms peroxides over time
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and choking smoke during fire
Polymerization: Not expected under normal use, but avoid high heat and pressure
Acute Effects: Short-term exposure causes burning, coughing, headaches, and possibly vomiting
Chronic Effects: Skin rashes and breathing trouble develop after repeated contact
Ingestion Risk: Swallowing even small amounts leads to stomach pain and central nervous system impacts
Target Organs: Liver, kidneys, and nervous system experience the most stress from heavy exposure
Cancer Risk: No human data connects this chemical directly to cancer, but handling with care stays crucial
Sensitization: Some people develop allergic skin reactions
Persistence: Breaks down slowly in soil and water, can build up over time
Bioaccumulation: Can concentrate in fish and aquatic organisms
Mobility: Sinks in water and migrates through soil
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Very toxic to fish and invertebrates
Degradation: Sunlight and microbes contribute to breakage, but natural processes happen slowly
Disposal Methods: Treat as hazardous waste, sending it to specialized incinerators or chemical disposal facilities
Container Disposal: Rinse empty containers thoroughly, dispose of rinsate according to local laws
Waste Generation: Careful handling minimizes waste, but contamination requires thorough cleanup and regulated disposal
Transport Hazard Class: Flammable solids or liquids, depending on local classification
Packing Requirements: Leak-proof, chemical-resistant containers marked with hazard symbols
Environmental Hazards During Transport: Spillage or container rupture can endanger waterways and wetlands
Precautions: Keep away from food, feed, and incompatible chemicals on shared transport
Global Listings: Registered by most national chemical safety agencies, including the European Chemicals Agency and the US Environmental Protection Agency
Control Requirements: Workplaces must provide protective equipment and safety training
Labeling Laws: Mandatory hazard statements and pictograms on all containers
Release Reporting: Spills over a set amount require reporting to government environmental authorities
Restrictions: Some regions limit amounts in workplace air or wastewater release
