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Chemical Name: 2,3-Dimethylpentane
Chemical Formula: C7H16
Synonyms: Isoheptane
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a strong fuel-like odor
Use: Forms a part of gasoline blends, used in laboratories, sometimes as a reference compound for fuel research
CAS Number: 564-59-2
Classifications: Flammable liquid, Health hazard
Hazards: Vapor causes dizziness, high concentrations can lead to headache and central nervous system effects, quick to catch fire at room temperature, forms explosive mixtures with air, skin and eye irritation follows direct contact, can cause coughing after inhalation
GHS Labels: Flame, Exclamation mark, Health hazard icon
Main Ingredient: 2,3-Dimethylpentane
Purity: Above 95% commonly found in industrial or laboratory samples
Impurities: Minor fractions of other heptanes or branched alkanes possible, depends on source and method of production
After Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water, prolonged exposure brings out dryness or redness
After Eye Contact: Rinse with clean water for at least 10 minutes, avoid rubbing, seek help if irritation lingers
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, sit and breathe, lightheadedness or coughing usually fades, seek medical attention if symptoms persist
If Swallowed: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, get medical advice as soon as possible due to risk of aspiration and chemical pneumonia
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide - avoid spraying water directly, could spread burning liquid
Hazardous Combustion Products: Thick black smoke, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Protective Equipment: Use self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gear
Other Advice: Cool containers in fire zone with water spray to prevent explosions, evacuate area if large quantities spill and ignite, substances like this burn fast and can spark further fires nearby
Spill Response: Remove open flames and heat, ventilate area immediately, wear gloves and goggles
Containment: Absorb smaller spills on sand or non-combustible material, shovel into waste containers
Cleanup: Rinse area with water after cleaning, dispose contaminated absorbents as hazardous waste
Environmental Precaution: Keep away from drains or waterways, vapors can harm air quality and contaminate urban run-off
Safe Handling: Avoid inhaling vapors, handle in fume hood or well-ventilated space, keep containers tightly closed when not in use
Storage: Keep in a cool spot, away from direct sunlight, in approved chemical storage cabinets
Separation: Store away from oxidizers, acids, and sources of ignition such as open flames, hot surfaces, electrical equipment
Avoid: Static electricity buildup by grounding containers
Workplace Limits: No official limits set in some regions, but similar hydrocarbons suggest limits near 500 ppm over an 8-hour shift
Engineering Controls: Use with proper ventilation or in fume hoods, closed systems preferred for larger volumes
Personal Protective Equipment: Gloves (nitrile or neoprene), chemical splash goggles, flame-resistant clothing for big jobs
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and remove contaminated clothes, never eat or drink around volatile hydrocarbon samples
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear, colorless
Odor: Gasoline-like, strong
Boiling Point: Around 98 to 99°C
Melting Point: Below -100°C
Vapor Pressure: Significant at room temperature, increases with heat
Solubility: Insoluble in water, mixes well with organic solvents
Density: About 0.69 g/cm³
Flash Point: Below -10°C (closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: Near 400°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions, can form flammable vapors
Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with oxidizers like chlorine or nitric acid, reacts violently
Decomposition Products: Carbon oxides during combustion
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, static discharge
Acute Effects: Dizziness, headaches, nausea if inhaled; skin and eye irritation
Chronic Exposure: Regular high vapor exposure may affect nervous system, liver or kidneys
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by major agencies like IARC for cancer risk
Routes of Entry: Mainly through inhalation or skin contact
Special Risk Groups: Workers in refineries, labs; anyone handling gasoline and related fuels
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic life in significant concentrations, floats on water, forms slicks
Persistence: Breaks down in environment over time, still poses short-term risk to fish and small organisms
Bioaccumulation: Does not build up much in animal tissue, but repeated spills harm river and lake life
Mobility: Vapors travel far from original spill, tends to evaporate quickly in open air
Waste Disposal: Burn in approved chemical incinerator, use hazardous waste agencies for bulk quantities
Special Precautions: Do not pour into drains or sewers, can travel far and pollute larger water systems
Containers: Empty drums and bottles need triple rinsing before disposal or recycling, otherwise count as hazardous waste
UN Classification: 1206 (Heptanes)
Hazards During Transport: Flammable liquid, explosion hazard from heat or static electricity, leak in transit puts crews at risk for fire and fumes
Shipping Restrictions: Strict regulations on rail, truck, ship, and air, proper labeling and securement required
Response to Accident: Special teams and gear needed at spill sites, local firefighting capacity often gets stretched by large fuel-related emergencies
Workplace Safety Laws: Subject to hazardous chemicals rules under OSHA and various state labor codes
Environmental Regulations: Listed under many clean air and water acts for reporting if large quantities spill, oversight from EPA in US
Chemical Inventory: Covered by TSCA in the US, REACH in the EU
Labeling: Requirements stress hazard pictograms, warning statements, and directions for safe handling, both for workers and in supply chains
