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Product Name: 2,3,4,6-Tetranitroaniline
Chemical Formula: C6H2N4O8
Synonyms: TNA, 1-Amino-2,3,4,6-tetranitrobenzene
CAS Number: 17625-60-2
Use: Specialty chemical, research, explosives intermediate
Manufacturer: Refer to supplier or laboratory label
Emergency Contact: Refer to local poison center or emergency services
Classification: Explosive (Division 1.1), Acute Toxicity (Oral, Dermal, Inhalation), Eye Irritation, Skin Corrosion/Irritation, Aquatic Acute Hazard
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Unstable explosive; may explode from shock, friction, fire, heat. Highly toxic by inhalation, skin absorption, and ingestion. Causes severe eye and skin irritation, target organ effects (blood, liver, kidneys). Harmful to aquatic life.
Pictograms: Exploding bomb, Skull and crossbones, Exclamation mark, Environment
Precautionary Statements: Avoid all possible sources of ignition and shock; wear suitable protective equipment; keep away from incompatible chemicals; handle with local ventilation in certified fume hood.
Chemical Identity: 2,3,4,6-Tetranitroaniline:
Purity: >98% (by mass)
Impurities: Trace mono- and dinitroanilines, solvent residues
Molecular Weight: 272.11 g/mol
Other Ingredients: No intentional additives or stabilizers
Inhalation: Remove from area to fresh air immediately. Support breathing with oxygen if available. Seek urgent medical attention for labored breathing or signs of poisoning.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash exposed skin with large amounts of water and soap. May require medical attention for persistent irritation or burns.
Eye Contact: Gently flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes while pulling eyelids away from eye. Remove contact lenses. Get urgent ophthalmologic evaluation if irritation persists.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with plenty of water, seek emergency medical help immediately. Monitor vital signs.
Other Notes: Provide safety data sheet to attending medical staff; monitor for methemoglobinemia or cyanosis.
Extinguishing Media: Flood with large amounts of water only if absolutely necessary; avoid dry chemical, CO2, or foam. Attack fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Emits toxic fumes (nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides) and possibly unexploded hot fragments.
Fire/Explosion Hazards: Highly explosive, shock-sensitive, can detonate under heat or fire. Containers may explode under fire conditions.
Protective Equipment: Full face mask, self-contained breathing apparatus, flame and impact-resistant clothing.
Specific Hazards: Do not attempt to fight fire unless trained; evacuate area, allow uncontrolled burning if risk of detonation exists.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, eliminate ignition sources, avoid contact with material, do not touch spilled substance or walk through dust.
Protective Equipment: Chemical-splash goggles, acid/solvent-resistant gloves, explosion-proof clothing, respiratory protection.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release to waterways or drains by using barriers or adsorbents.
Cleanup Methods: Gently sweep or scoop up using non-sparking, non-metallic tools. Place in a leak-proof, labeled container for proper disposal. Decontaminate spill site with detergent and copious water; avoid raising dust.
Handling: Ground and bond containers when transferring. Use smallest possible amounts in certified explosion-proof fume hoods or blast-resistant facilities. Transfer dry material with anti-static processes. Prevent mechanical shock, friction, or impact.
Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated magazine specified for explosive materials. Segregate from acids, strong bases, reducing agents, combustibles, and incompatible chemicals. Use shatterproof containers; keep tightly closed.
Special Rules: Restrict access to qualified staff. Log entries and use.
Engineering Controls: Ventilation with explosion-proof local exhaust. Isolate process and storage areas. Install blast shields where feasible.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or butyl rubber), closed goggles/face shield, full-body suit rated for chemical and explosion risk, certified respirator for dust or vapor exposure.
Occupational Exposure Limits: Not established by OSHA, ACGIH, or NIOSH; treat as highly toxic.
Hygiene Measures: No eating, drinking, or smoking near handling area. Wash thoroughly before leaving laboratory/work area. Change soiled clothing.
Appearance: Yellow to orange crystalline solid or powder
Odor: Slight chemical or nitroaromatic smell, often faint
pH: Neutral (not appreciably soluble in water)
Melting Point: 285–290 °C (decomposes/explodes on heating)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, DMSO
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient
Relative Density: ~1.8 g/cm³
Partition Coefficient (Log Pow): Data not available
Evaporation Rate: Not volatile
Chemical Stability: Readily decomposes or detonates under heat, friction, or impact; sensitive to shock.
Reactivity: Reacts violently with strong acids, bases, reducing agents, and ammonium salts.
Hazardous Decomposition: Liberates NOx gases, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Incompatible Materials: Metals, metal oxides, bases, oxidizing and reducing agents, combustibles.
Polymerization: Not expected to occur.
Acute Toxicity: Can cause rapid onset symptoms—headache, nausea, dizziness, cyanosis, unconsciousness—after inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. Estimated oral LD50 (rat): <50 mg/kg, indicating high acute toxicity.
Skin/Eye Corrosion: Severe irritation, redness, burns possible after direct contact.
Chronic Effects: Risk of methemoglobinemia, possible liver, kidney, and central nervous system effects from extended exposure. Not fully tested for carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reproductive hazards.
Sensitization: Not reported, but should not be ruled out.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin/eye contact, ingestion.
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, can cause long-term adverse effects in aquatic environments.
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to be persistent in soil and water, slow biodegradation. Photolytic breakdown possible under strong sunlight.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Not well studied, but likely based on nitroaromatic structure.
Mobility in Soil: Moderately adsorbed, risk of runoff with water.
Other Harmful Effects: Harm to terrestrial and aquatic wildlife expected, with potential to disrupt microbiota in soil or water systems.
Waste Disposal: Only properly trained personnel in permitted facilities should carry out destruction of explosives. Consult local, regional, country-specific regulations. Explosive or contaminated materials must undergo wetting or chemical deactivation before transport or destruction.
Container Disposal: Triple-rinse, puncture and destroy only after safe deactivation confirmed.
Hazardous Waste Code: U-listed, EPA Hazardous Waste Number: U209 (for nitroanilines)
Do Not: Discharge into drains, water courses, or soil.
UN Number: 0221
Proper Shipping Name: Explosive, solid (2,3,4,6-Tetranitroaniline)
Transport Hazard Class: 1.1D (Explosives with a mass explosion hazard)
Packing Group: I
Label: Explosive, Division 1.1
Special Precautions: Strict international, national, and local shipping controls. Only certified carriers and personnel should transport.
TSCA Status: Not registered for commercial use in United States; limited to research, regulated import.
OSHA HazCom: Covered as hazardous chemical; full employee training and labeling required.
SARA/Title III: Extremely hazardous material, subject to emergency planning and notification.
Other Country Chemical Inventories: Consult REACH (Europe), DSL (Canada), and corresponding regulations in other jurisdictions.
Explosive Precursor Licensing: May require permit, notification, or registration for purchase and use.
Disposal and Handling Regulations: Strict local enforcement; see State and Federal Explosives, Environmental Protection laws.
