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Chemical history doesn’t just move in a straight line. It weaves in and out of social needs, industry trends, and sheer scientific curiosity. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine, sometimes showing up in old research as either bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine or ethanoldiethanolamine, grew out of a period when industrial chemistry sought small molecules with flexible groups for solvents, synthesis, and all kinds of tinkering in the lab. The development of amine-containing compounds surged in the early-to-mid 20th century. This wasn’t because someone sat down to invent a new material for the fun of it—it came from the drive to address pressing needs in coatings, textiles, and emerging plastics. Researchers, from university benches to factory basements, needed molecules that could both bond and blend. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine fit the bill thanks to its straightforward two hydroxyethyl "arms" bracketing an amine core. It offered a new angle on solubility and reactivity at a time when chemists kept running into limits with older, less flexible monoamines or bulkier triethanolamines.
If you’ve ever handled a chemical like 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine in the lab, you notice its sticky, viscous feel right away. This comes from its structure—a short amine backbone hugged by two alcohol groups. Products containing it are used mainly as intermediates, which means they don’t get much glory as final ingredients in consumer goods. Yet, they pave the way for new synthetic routes in resin production, surfactant chemistry, and additives. When someone mixes this kind of molecule into a batch, they’re usually after its dual ability to attract both water and oil, and to serve as a mild base due to that central nitrogen atom. These features make it a reliable helper in complex syntheses, not just a simple building block.
Working hands-on with 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine reveals its medium viscosity and slightly oily texture, giving clues about its molecular weight and degree of hydrogen bonding. It holds up against air fairly well, doesn’t evaporate quickly, and dissolves in water thanks to those hydroxy groups. This molecule can act as both a weak base and a mild chelator. Its smell isn’t overpowering but signals its amine nature if you get close enough. Many who work with it appreciate how it resists breaking down at room temperature, though heating can drive decomposition or secondary reactions with acids and acyl chlorides. It doesn’t catch fire at the drop of a hat, either, but standard precautions against ignition always make sense.
Labeling practices for chemicals like this reflect both tradition and regulation. A bottle on a shelf will typically show the name, molecular formula, and a relevant hazard label (often “Irritant”). Safety Data Sheets repeat common warnings against direct skin or eye contact. In practice, lab techs rely more on experience; gloves and goggles stay on even if the molecule isn’t particularly nasty compared to strong acids or bases. The labeling rarely captures the fact that even milder compounds like 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine cause a mess if left unchecked. Spills cling to glassware, etch into surfaces, and resist rinsing unless you hit them with plenty of water.
Producing this compound doesn’t involve obscure minerals or rare plants. Chemists usually assemble it from more common industrial precursors. A main route involves reacting ethylene oxide or ethylene glycol with ammonia or other simple amines. This is classic nucleophilic ring opening, where the small size and high reactivity of starting materials give a good yield. Taking the safety angle into account, those starting reagents (especially ethylene oxide) bring sharp hazards, and operators in production facilities gear up with full containment, robust ventilation, and process controls. In the early days, many suffered injuries in less regulated setups, which led to more rigorous equipment and tighter safety rules.
2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine serves as a Swiss army knife in organic chemistry. Chemists toss it into reactions that need nucleophilic attack or gentle base conditions. Those hydroxy groups invite esterification, etherification, and acylation. The amine itself links to acids and isocyanates, helping form stable amides or ureas. If formulating resins or surface treatments, this molecule acts as both a chain extender and a crosslinker. Certain modifications tune the molecule to repel water, attract oil, or boost reactivity toward coatings. It flexes in step with the needs of the moment—rare in a world of single-purpose reagents.
Keeping track of names in the chemical world never runs smoothly. Synonyms for this compound—like bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine or diethanolethylamine—confuse newcomers, but anyone steeped in synthesis quickly learns them. Over the years, different suppliers and researchers used company-specific product codes and varying IUPAC conventions, leading to more overlap. If you comb through literature or old catalogs, you’ll spot half a dozen naming styles. What matters is the structure: a two-carbon chain on either side of an amine, both chains capped by alcohol groups.
Modern practices around 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine grew out of lessons learned the hard way. During earlier decades, mild skin and eye irritation got shrugged off, leading to workplace complaints and a push for formal hazard communication. The modern lab or plant treats each bottle with respect. Safety protocols start with gloves, eye protection, fume hoods, and controlled storage. Effective ventilation fixes what tight packaging can’t, especially since amines can pick up odors or minor volatilization with time. In industry, spills and splashes rank as top concerns—these incidents trigger detailed cleanup steps involving dilution, absorption, and full documentation. Even at university benches, training drills repeat the right moves: minimize exposure, clean as you go, don’t trust a “safe” chemical just by reputation.
This molecule finds a home in about as many applications as the modern chemist can imagine. In resin manufacturing, it acts as a chain extender, linking and lengthening polymer strands to tweak mechanical properties. Surfactant chemistry values its balance between water-loving and oil-loving groups, making it a go-to for mild detergents or emulsifiers. In textile and leather processing, it helps stabilize dyes or soften fibers. The coatings world picks it up for improved adhesion and flexibility in cured paints and varnishes. I’ve seen folks try it as a pre-cursor for complex pharmaceuticals and specialty intermediates, always aiming to use that reactive amine-alcohol mix. Despite its broad versatility, industry sometimes skips over it in favor of simpler or more aggressive compounds, often because scale and price drive decisions as much as technical merit.
R&D with 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine stretches across boundaries. Green chemistry efforts chase routes to make it from renewable feedstocks, reducing reliance on fossil-derived ethylene oxide or harsh syntheses. Advanced functional materials research treats it as a flexible intermediate: for new polyurethanes, modified epoxies, or surface coatings tuned for biomedical use. Analytical work digs into its interaction with metals, seeking to exploit or reduce chelation in technical formulations. In academic settings, teams explore its behavior as a base in asymmetric catalysis—a niche field but one that sparks innovation. The literature keeps growing, though classic applications sometimes overshadow new ideas. More collaboration between chemists, materials scientists, and engineers can speed translation from lab discovery to practical product.
Toxicity studies on 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine paint a less sensational but still important picture. Exposure causes mild to moderate irritation if you get careless—especially to the skin and eyes. Fortunately, its structure doesn’t lend itself to bioaccumulation or dramatic long-term harm; the molecule breaks down in the body and environment. Nonetheless, vigilance matters, as repeated contact leads to dermatitis in unlucky workers or those skipping proper protection. Animal studies back up the need for ordinary caution but fail to point to any grave chronic hazards. Regulatory agencies set occupational limits in line with its irritation risk, not out of fear for more severe consequences. Still, in an industry where safety culture is built on lessons learned over time, nobody lets their guard down just because the MSDS looks less scary than those for more aggressive amines.
Looking ahead, the future for 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine ties to both industry trends and societal priorities. As demand grows for “greener” and safer chemicals, production methods may shift toward more sustainable pathways, such as bio-derived ethylene glycol or ammonia. Material scientists want intermediates that remain stable, degrade safely, and work in next-generation biocompatible products. Emerging tech—like flexible electronics or medical devices—needs amine-alcohol hybrids that blend reliability with precise performance tuning. Regulatory scrutiny will continue to shape how this compound gets handled, labeled, and even advertised. Opportunities open up for new formulations in advanced surfactants, custom resins, and even CO2 capture applications. For all the talk of future-proofing chemistry, the enduring lesson stays the same: molecules with flexible reactivity and manageable safety risk rarely go out of style. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine stands as an example of a modest workhorse—never center stage but always there, ready for the next challenge.
Some chemicals don't get headlines, yet their impact touches all kinds of products and discoveries. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine stands out in that group. This molecule often finds itself shaping reactions as an intermediate or a building block, especially in pharmaceutical development, polymer synthesis, and specialty chemical work. It offers reactive spots—amines and alcohols—that give scientists room to tweak, connect, or extend structures, depending on the target. Its value doesn’t end at the bench; it carries through to what brings change in real industries.
Medicines begin with simple molecules before turning into therapies that help patients. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine is one of those pieces, showing up in the early phases of drug synthesis. Researchers use it to link other groups or to prepare scaffolds that later support more complex features—a new antibiotic or a smarter painkiller, for instance. I’ve seen teams fuss over routes and yields, especially during tricky pilot batches. Chemicals with both nitrogen and alcohol functions give flexibility if you want to make a new analog or scale up. The push for cleaner syntheses means people appreciate molecules that react precisely and can be purified easily.
During one summer internship, I watched chemists use 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine to set up a multi-step route. Yields improved, waste dropped, and production risk lowered. For pharma companies chasing first-in-class treatments, those gains turn into real competitive advantages.
Formulating polymers isn’t like stirring sugar in tea. The building blocks have to offer special properties—weather resistance, safe contact with skin, or long life under stress. Companies often use 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine to introduce flexibility or extra points of crosslinking in specialty resins. The two —OH groups and the —NH— offer several anchoring spots for reactions, letting chemists fine-tune elasticity or solvent resistance in finished materials.
For example, in adhesives and coatings, adding this compound can soften the finished product or boost adhesion. In water-soluble polymers, its presence improves compatibility for hospital gels or personal care items. Those tweaks aren’t just theoretical: they show up in better hospital tapes, new hydrogels for wound healing, or glues that handle humidity without falling apart.
Not every chemical with a catchy structure wins a spot in modern factories. Plant managers want options that won’t cause headaches for workers or waste handlers. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine compares well to many classic intermediates, since it usually gives manageable byproducts and breaks down with standard solvents. Yet any chemical used in bulk deserves respect. Operators work in vented hoods or closed systems, and proper disposal keeps ground and streams clean. Regulators keep pressure on, and for good reason: one spill is one too many.
Suppliers now track both source and purity, as gaps cause lost batches or surprise reactivity. Better auditing and smarter digital management help head off these problems. Technologies that recycle wash water or recover solvents cut costs and shrink the plant footprint, too.
Whether you’re working on next-generation medicine, a flexible phone case, or safer hospital dressings, every intermediate counts. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine proves how the right chemical in the right place can cut steps, improve safety, and bring products to life. Its practical blend of functional groups makes it a staple in labs that want to stay ahead without extra waste or busywork.
Working in both academic and industrial labs, I learned respect for chemicals early on. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine, used in specialty synthesis and possibly as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals or coatings, shows up on material safety data sheets (MSDS) flagged for eye, skin, and respiratory risks. Stories of minor spills and missed gloves remind me that even chemicals that don’t explode or fume can have lasting impacts. A drop left unaddressed on a benchtop once caused redness and irritation for an entire week.
Exposure to 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine irritates skin and eyes, with respiratory discomfort possible if vapors become concentrated. The amine part gives off a sharp, unpleasant smell, which itself is a signal—strong odors push people away because the body recognizes many amines as hazardous. Some reports highlight allergy-like symptoms with repeated contact. This matches what a former coworker went through: after weeks of accidental contact, eczema developed around his hands. Even without acute effects, long-term handling might bring subtle but real allergic reactions.
Contact details matter too. The liquid form coats fingers easily, and even small splashes onto a forearm or wrist under a rolled-up sleeve can lead to burning and redness. Inhalation stories surface in busy facilities without proper ventilation. People in these environments describe headaches and sneezing, though nothing as catastrophic as the accidents seen with acids or strong solvents. That doesn’t mean care drops. Chronic, low-level exposure not only reduces productivity but can influence career choices. More than once, I’ve seen people switch fields after months of dealing with persistent, low-grade exposure.
Gloves—always nitrile, not latex—keep direct contact away from skin. Spills demand attention with clean-up kits close by. I keep eyewash stations free of clutter, ready to use in case of a sudden splash. An unfamiliar label or absent MSDS is a no-go for me, and supervisors usually agree. Ventilation pulls vapor away from users; a fume hood or at least a strong extractor is non-negotiable in rooms with routine handling.
Colleagues often grumble about goggles fogging up or gloves getting sweaty, but every old-timer has a story about chemical allergies or scars that make the inconvenience worth it. Clothing should cover arms and legs fully—lab coats over synthetic fibers hold up during busy shifts. Too many ruined jeans and t-shirts have convinced me of this.
If glove punctures or face splashes happen, twenty minutes of flushing at the eyewash or safety shower stands between minor discomfort and ER visits. It might seem excessive, but the adrenaline rush in those moments locks that memory in for good next time. Afterward, every container gets double-checked for labels, almost ritualistically.
Manufacturers and supervisors step up by running frequent refresher training on proper handling. Safety signs in local languages, along with regular gear checks, foster good habits. Engineers installing better air filtration systems in new labs reduce complaints of headaches or sinus problems. Investing in less hazardous substitutes makes a difference, especially when small process tweaks allow.
Access to up-to-date safety information cuts down on risky shortcuts taken due to ignorance. Sharing stories—good and bad—increases collective vigilance. Every near-miss brings home the lesson that with the right measures, chemicals like 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine feel less like looming threats and more like manageable tools.
You see long names for chemicals all over, but 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine keeps it somewhat readable. The roots are actually pretty clear once you take a look: two “hydroxy” groups, each stuck onto the second carbon of ethyl groups. The “diethylamine” part means you have two ethyl arms around a nitrogen. Picture this: a nitrogen at the center, holding two ethyl chains, with both chains hosting an -OH at their second carbon. The structure looks like HO–CH2–CH2–N–CH2–CH2–OH.
It’s easy to get lost in the maze of atoms, but a simple count lists out C4H11NO2. That means this molecule shows up with four carbons, eleven hydrogens, one nitrogen, and two oxygens. The way the atoms are set up matters more than you might guess. We’re talking two alcohol groups on either side of a nitrogen — not exactly a common configuration you’d bump into at your local hardware store chemicals aisle. That special layout suggests some strong hydrophilic behavior, and it probably makes the molecule stickier with both water and other solvents.
Chemists keep a sharp eye on molecular weight — not just as a fun trivia question, but because it shapes how the molecule behaves in the real world. For 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine, the full calculation comes out to 105.14 g/mol. You find this by adding up each atom’s contribution: carbon weighs 12.01, hydrogen’s at 1.01, nitrogen goes for 14.01, and oxygen pulls in 16.00. With the right math, precise batches roll out in the lab and recipes match up in manufacturing.
A molecule with two hydroxyl groups doesn’t just pop up for show. That arrangement means it could play a big part in the world of solvents, specialty polymers, and maybe even as a building block for drugs or chelation agents. Those two -OH groups love sticking to metal ions, so some chemists lean on it to clean up solutions or tweak reactions. In my experience, chemicals with lots of exposed hydrophilic patches wind up in big industrial containers for water treatment or as intermediates in resin production. No escaping the fact: the more functional groups, the more creative people get with the applications.
Still, with every smart use comes a few headaches. Transport and storage ask for a little caution. Alcohols and amines sometimes lead to irritation in lab workers who skip their gloves or ventilation. Waste management can’t be an afterthought, either, because those lone nitrogen and oxygen atoms love to complicate things once they hit the environment.
Safer chemical handling hinges on clear labeling and culture that doesn’t treat safety protocols like suggestions. Labs with sharp training and good habit-building rarely wind up with leaky jugs or accidental skin contact. Tackling environmental impact means working closely with waste processors — making sure that nothing skips its treatment step before heading down the drain. Small things matter, like vented caps and chemical-resistant flooring, especially for compounds with dual alcohol and amine behaviors. In my own work, I’ve watched projects move smoother and safer with one simple rule: nobody ignores the fundamentals, no matter how routine the chemical may feel.
The structure and size of 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine may not grab headlines outside the chemistry crowd, but for anyone mixing, storing, or applying specialty chemicals, details like these drive everyday decisions. If you work with it, know what those extra -OHs really bring, understand the risks, and build checks into every step. Chemical safety and trusted data are everyone’s business — especially as the world relies on molecules like this to power medicines, new materials, and cleaner processes.
Science plays a bigger role in daily life than most of us admit. Just about everyone sees bottles and barrels with labels that, frankly, look intimidating. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine won’t win any popularity contests for catchy names, and most folks outside of labs or factories couldn’t tell you what it does. Still, it finds its way into lots of manufacturing processes for coatings, textiles, and chemicals. The stuff helps make products stronger, cleaner, and more stable.
If a substance keeps popping up in all corners of industry, serious storage questions follow. Let’s call a spade a spade: a mishap here won’t just inconvenience folks. Things spiral, people get hurt, businesses lose money, and environments suffer if someone drops the ball. This chemical brings both helpful qualities and real risks.
I’ve spoken with warehouse staff who’ve handled everything from basic cleaning solutions to quirky, almost mysterious compounds like 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine. One message rings loud—store it right, or invite regret. This chemical isn’t known for exploding or catching fire on its own, but it doesn’t like heat or open air. Humid storerooms make it unstable. Leave the lid loose, and it reacts with oxygen or starts pulling moisture from the air. That leads to contamination or, worse, unexpected reactions.
If you walk into a facility outfitted for chemical handling, you’ll spot steel shelves, controlled temperature gauges, clear ventilation ducts, and thick walls. People mark storage drums with “keep tightly closed, keep in a cool, well-ventilated place” and double-check every lid. Avoiding direct sunlight keeps the temperature down. Some facilities even use dry nitrogen cover gas in drums to keep oxygen away. This isn’t overkill; it’s peace of mind born from hard lessons.
Good labeling stops confusion. I’ve seen busy workers reach for the wrong container or trust an old, faded label. Mistakes happen fast when chemicals look alike. Each drum gets labeled with the exact name, date received, hazard warnings, and any special handling notes. The best places keep a record of every movement—who handled it, where it sat, how much remains. When a supplier sends fresh stock, old batches head out first. This avoids spoiled material hiding in a corner.
Spill kits, eye wash stations, and emergency shut-offs round out the safe storage plan. It’s worth mentioning: sometimes the right way isn’t the easy way. That extra five minutes—checking the temperature, verifying the seal—prevents trouble that no one wants. It might sound boring, but one slip can cost someone their health or livelihood.
Most mistakes come from either a lack of training or from old habits outlasting their welcome. Taking the time to train every person who moves a drum or opens a lid makes storage safer for everyone. Regular inspections and short reminders make a difference. In any setting that stores 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine, these choices turn “routine” into “reliable.” Basic respect for what’s inside that drum—and those who work around it—turns safety from a checkbox into a way of life.
This molecule tells a straightforward story in the lab. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine, with its two hydroxy groups ribbed onto an ethylamine core, falls smoothly into water. That high polarity means it mixes well and fast, putting itself to work without much coaxing. If you’ve handled it, you know not every solvent can claim this friend so easily. It rides the line between hydrophilic and hydrophobic; organic solvents like ethanol and methanol also welcome it, but it turns away from heavier, non-polar liquids—toluene or hexane might as well be strangers.
In my time working in process development, this characteristic proved useful. For instance, dissolving the amine in water sped up reactions and made product separation straightforward. I remember many projects where solvents like dichloromethane or chloroform led to loss of product or time, but with 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine facing water, there was less mess to sort out at the end of the day.
Not every compound plays nice with others. In pharmaceutical or polymer formulations, the compatibility of a molecule costs both time and money. 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine usually integrates into aqueous systems without issue. Take formulations needing both a bit of nitrogen and extra solubility—the molecule never throws up roadblocks around the other ingredients. Cross-linking reactions with epoxides or isocyanates? It gets right down to business thanks to those hydroxyl and amine functional groups.
Every batch tells its own tale, and sometimes pH swings create surprises. This compound’s basicity can tug the environment out of a desired range if you aren’t careful. As a formulator, I learned this hard lesson with buffer systems intended to stay neutral—2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine nudged things a little too alkaline and twisted results. Watching lab techs troubleshoot, it was clear: anyone relying on precise pH levels needs to pay close attention when this amine is in the mix.
Lab success doesn’t always translate to full-scale chemistry. I’ve often run into product recalls or failed batches simply because someone skipped a tour of solubility and compatibility in water-based vs. oil-based blends. Ignore the molecule’s affinity for water and watch as separation, cloudiness, or instability creeps into what should have been a textbook result.
Safety can’t drop to the bottom of the list—this amine brings a slippery texture, can irritate skin, and needs real handling care. PPE isn’t just for newcomers; the more experienced professionals rely on gloves and goggles after learning from a misplaced splash or two.
Experience hammered home the value of early, small-batch screening. Small teams save time by testing how 2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine behaves with every ingredient, not just the water. Keep a sharp eye on the pH roll; titration curves matter here. Making use of analytical tools like NMR and GC-MS before scale-up spares everyone a headache—and those awkward problem-solving meetings.
Sustainable production lines will benefit from honest assessment too. Water compatibility can trim down costly organic solvent waste, and that’s what companies need right now. For new applications, sharing those real-world lessons—failures as well as wins—keeps everyone grounded and stops others from walking into the same puddles.
2,2'-Dihydroxydiethylamine doesn’t hide its hand; it simply asks us to listen, follow the basics, and bring lessons learned back to the bench for the next round.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 2,2'-(Hydrazine-1,2-diyl)diethan-1-ol |
| Other names |
Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine Diglycolamine DHEA |
| Pronunciation | /tuː tuː daɪˈhaɪdrɒksiˌdaɪˈɛθɪlˌəˈmiːn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 111-42-2 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `CC(NCCO)O` |
| Beilstein Reference | 1209243 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16610 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1795139 |
| ChemSpider | 54036 |
| DrugBank | DB09004 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03b4305f-3a0a-4162-9809-2b239fd3c6fd |
| EC Number | 200-899-7 |
| Gmelin Reference | 8397 |
| KEGG | C06033 |
| MeSH | D09.946.211.211.150 |
| PubChem CID | 12321 |
| RTECS number | KL2975000 |
| UNII | YP706J2A4L |
| UN number | UN2672 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C4H11NO2 |
| Molar mass | 105.14 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Amine-like |
| Density | 1.113 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Solubility in water | miscible |
| log P | -1.43 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.01 mmHg (25°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 9.03 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 5.90 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -49.6·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.464 |
| Viscosity | 2.69 mPa·s (at 25 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 3.05 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 247.7 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -366.2 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -1874 kJ mol⁻¹ |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. Causes skin irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS05, GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H319, H332 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-2-0 |
| Flash point | 92 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | Autoignition temperature: 375°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ (oral, rat): 1820 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 2,187 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | KW2975000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.5 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Ethanolamine Diethanolamine Triethanolamine Morpholine Piperazine |
