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Chemical Name: 2,2,4-Trimethylhexane
Chemical Formula: C9H20
Synonyms: Isooctane, Trimethylhexane
Physical State: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild gasoline-like scent
Common Uses: Blending agent in gasoline, organic solvent in laboratories and industrial settings
Molecular Weight: 128.26 g/mol
Hazard Class: Flammable liquid (category 2)
Major Health Effects: Inhalation or skin contact can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, or irritation
Fire Hazard: Highly flammable, vapors form explosive mixtures with air
Environmental Threat: Harmful to aquatic organisms if spilled
PPE Required: Gloves, splash goggles, flame-resistant clothing in case of handling large volumes
Main Ingredient: 2,2,4-Trimethylhexane, 95% or higher pure in most samples
Impurities: Small levels of other C9 hydrocarbons, which may slightly modify health and flammability risks
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, get medical advice if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Rinse with water for several minutes, seek care if irritation continues
Ingestion: Don't induce vomiting, seek medical attention
Symptoms: Drowsiness, light-headed feeling, dry skin, gastric upset if swallowed
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, avoid using water jets
Explosion Risk: Vapors can travel and ignite distant sources
Special Firefighting Gear: Chemical-resistant coat, gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus
Hazardous Combustion Products: May produce toxic gases like carbon monoxide during incomplete combustion
Containment: Stop the leak if safe, prevent runoff to drains or surface water
Spill Response: Absorb with non-combustible material like sand or earth
Clean-Up: Collect residues safely, ventilate area well
Personal Protection: Gloves, goggles, and, for large spills, respirator with organic vapor cartridge
Environmental Precaution: Avoid release to the environment, alert proper local authorities about significant spills
Handling: Work in well-ventilated areas, keep containers tightly closed, avoid inhaling vapor or allowing skin contact
Storage: Cool, dry spot, away from heat, sparks, or flames, use explosion-proof equipment
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, keep away from sources of ignition
Labeling: Clear hazard identification to reduce misuse and mishandling
Exposure Limits: No specific OSHA or ACGIH limit for 2,2,4-Trimethylhexane, but aim to minimize exposure as for other volatile hydrocarbons
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation helps keep vapor levels low
PPE: Chemical resistant gloves, safety goggles, flame-resistant clothing, use a respirator if ventilation is poor or large amounts handled
Hygiene: Wash hands after use, do not eat or drink around the substance
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Boiling Point: Around 118°C
Melting Point: About -106°C
Vapor Pressure: Moderate, increases with temperature
Solubility: Insoluble in water, mixes with organic solvents
Odor Threshold: Detectable at low levels, but not always an adequate warning of unsafe concentrations
Density: Nearly 0.7 g/mL at room temperature
Stability: Stable under usual storage and handling conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, static discharge
Reactive With: Strong oxidizing agents (like chlorine, nitrates), acids
Decomposition Byproducts: Toxic gases if burned or thermally decomposed
Main Entry Routes: Inhalation, skin contact
Short Term Effects: Dizziness, headache, irritated skin; larger exposures can depress the central nervous system
Long Term Exposure: Prolonged contact can dry skin; data on cancer or reproductive effects lacking for this specific hydrocarbon
Target Organs: Nervous system, respiratory system; possible aggravation of pre-existing skin conditions
Other Concerns: As with other gasoline-range hydrocarbons, accidental aspiration into the lungs carries a risk for chemical pneumonia
Aquatic Toxicity: Can threaten aquatic life if released into water bodies
Persistence: Doesn't stick around long in air, breaks down under sunlight, but can persist in groundwater if spilled
Bioaccumulation: Not likely to accumulate in the food chain, but short-term aquatic impacts can be significant
Motor Fuel Use: Part of reason for broader petrochemical footprint in groundwater near refineries and filling stations
Waste Management: Treat as hazardous waste under most local and national regulations
Recommended Methods: Pass to licensed chemical waste contractor, never pour down the drain, burn only in approved incinerator with scrubbers
Container Disposal: Empty containers should not be reused, need proper cleaning and puncturing before metal recycling
UN Number: UN 3295 for flammable hydrocarbons, which includes isooctane
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable Liquids)
Packing Group: II—significant danger from rapid ignition or leakage
Special Precautions: Emergency guides recommend keeping cool, upright, and away from sources of ignition; secure containers well during transport
GHS Classification: Flammable liquids, acute toxicity (inhalation category 5), aspiration hazard
EU REACH Registration: Required for companies using or importing above certain thresholds
Labeling: Globally harmonized pictograms and hazard statements for flammability, aspiration
Worker Protection Laws: Subject to chemical safety assessments, workplace exposure controls, and health monitoring in many countries
