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Chemical Name: 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)Propionic Acid
Common Name: Dichlorprop
CAS Number: 120-36-5
Physical Form: Usually found as a colorless to pale yellow crystalline solid
Main Use: Herbicide, mainly for selective weed control in cereal crops and non-crop areas
Odor: Faint phenolic scent, recognizable especially after opening containers
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, mixes better in organic solvents
Primary Hazards: Eye and skin irritation, possible allergic reactions through skin contact, suspected risk for those with respiratory conditions
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation of dust or vapors, skin absorption, ingestion
Precautionary Notes: Prolonged exposure can cause inflammation; swallowing large amounts can upset the gastrointestinal system and disturb the central nervous system
Environmental Impact: Toxic to aquatic environments, causes long-lasting disruption to water bodies and organisms
Signal Word: Warning — based on potential health and environmental effects
Main Ingredient: 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)Propionic Acid, about 95% or higher in technical-grade material
Other Constituents: Minor impurities from manufacturing process; these sometimes affect toxicity profile
Common Formulations: Salts and esters for improved application, but primary hazard follows the active ingredient
Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air immediately; seek medical help if symptoms like coughing or shortness of breath persist
Skin Contact: Wash affected area thoroughly with soap and water; remove any contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Flush with running water for at least 15 minutes; consult an eye specialist if irritation or pain persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid inducing vomiting; medical staff or poison control center should make the call on further action
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide for small fires, water spray for larger fires
Hazardous Byproducts: Incineration can create toxic gases like hydrogen chloride and other chlorinated compounds
Personal Protection: Firefighters need full bunker gear and a self-contained breathing apparatus
Special Concerns: Avoid breathing dusts or gases. Run-off water from fire control can contaminate the environment
Personal Precautions: People should wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and suitable clothing
Containment: Scoop spilled material into containers for disposal; avoid raising dust
Cleaning Up: Use absorbent materials for liquid spills; ventilate enclosed areas
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, sewers, or waterways
Handling: Keep containers tightly closed and store in a dry, cool, well-ventilated space
Avoid: Skin and eye contact, inhaling dust or vapor, unintentional mixing with incompatible materials like strong bases or oxidizers
Storage: Place containers away from moisture, direct sunlight, and sources of ignition; avoid storage near food, fertilizers, drinking water supplies, or feed
Engineering Controls: Work with the substance in areas equipped with local exhaust ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, long sleeves, protective eyewear, and sometimes respiratory protection if dust levels risk getting high
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas
Occupational Exposure Limit: No universally accepted occupational limit, but workplace air monitoring is wise, especially given the risk of skin and respiratory irritation
Appearance: Solid, usually crystalline, can range from colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Faintly phenolic
Melting Point: Around 129°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Water Solubility: Limited; more soluble in organic solvents like methanol or acetone
Partition Coefficient (Log Kow): Notable hydrophobicity, contributing to bioaccumulation risk
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Hazardous Reactions: May react with strong bases or oxidizers, breaking down into more harmful substances
Decomposition Products: Heat or fire can release hazardous chlorine-containing gases
Incompatible Materials: Store away from acids, alkalis, and powerful oxidants
Acute Toxicity: Moderate toxic effect through ingestion, low acute toxicity for skin and inhalation exposures
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure can lead to liver or kidney issues in animal studies, but human evidence still emerging
Allergic Reactions: Irritation and potential dermatitis seen in some users
Symptoms: Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, mild respiratory distress
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogenic by IARC or EPA, though overexposure remains unwise
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Can be lethal to fish, invertebrates, and certain plant species at low concentrations
Persistence and Degradability: Breaks down slowly in soil and water, with high potential for runoff
Bioaccumulation: Moderate; risk increases with inappropriate use or disposal
Soil Mobility: Tends to move through sandy or permeable soil, raising risk to groundwater supplies
Safe Disposal: Leftovers and cleanup wastes need handling through approved chemical waste processors, not general drains or landfill
Incineration: Possible if permitted by regulations, using methods that destroy organic chlorinated compounds
Triple Rinsing: For containers, proper rinsing followed by recycling or disposal at designated sites
UN Number: Assigned for international transport, designed to ensure quick reference during incidents
Hazard Class: Regarded as an environmentally hazardous substance, classified under transport regulations for pesticides
Packing Group: Varies depending on concentration and formulation, but most shipments need clear labeling and secure packaging
Special Precautions: Emergency instructions must travel with shipments, especially documentation for accidental release or spill response
Global Status: Many countries regulate the sale, use, and disposal of dichlorprop because of persistence in the environment and potential for bioaccumulation
Permissible Uses: Approved for agricultural use in many places, but restrictions on non-crop or aquatic applications are tightening
Labeling Requirements: Risk and safety phrasing is mandated on packaging, highlighting hazard, emergency treatment, and environmental protection measures
Banned or Restricted: Some regions have phased out certain formulations after building scientific concern about water contamination
Updates: Regulatory bodies continue reviewing the science, so manufacturers and users need to follow updated recommendations closely
