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Name: 1-Naphthylthiourea
Synonyms: α-Naphthylthiourea, ANTU
Appearance: White to yellowish powder, faint pungent odor
Common Uses: Laboratory research, rodenticide
Chemical Formula: C11H10N2S
Molecular Weight: 202.28 g/mol
Solubility: Moderately soluble in ethanol, low solubility in water
CAS Number: 86-88-4
Main Risks: Toxic if swallowed, may cause kidney and lung damage
Inhalation: Breathing dust can irritate nasal passage, lungs, may lead to coughing, difficulty breathing
Skin Contact: Irritating to skin, causes redness and itching
Eye Contact: Dust may sting, causes redness, watering
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure has damaged kidneys in animal studies, raises concern for occupational health
Environmental Risk: Toxic to aquatic life, risk of bioaccumulation and spreading through water runoff
Regulatory Concerns: Listed as hazardous in international transport and chemical safety databases
Main Component: 1-Naphthylthiourea
Purity: Laboratory samples often exceed 98% purity
Impurities: Traces of naphthylamine or other aromatic sulfur compounds sometimes present due to synthesis process
If Inhaled: Move to fresh air, loosen tight clothing, encourage slow deep breaths; seek medical help if symptoms persist
On Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, wash exposed skin with soap and running water for several minutes, supervise in case symptoms worsen
In Eyes: Rinse eyes with clean, temperate water for at least 10 minutes, do not rub eyes, get medical attention if irritation continues
If Swallowed: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water, keep person calm, seek urgent medical attention to avoid systemic effects as rapid onset of toxicity can occur
Suitable Extinguishers: Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, foam
Hazardous Combustion Products: Emits toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and possible naphthylamines
Special Precautions: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus in confined spaces
Flammability: Not easily ignited but may burn under fire conditions, releasing harmful vapors as the material decomposes
Protective Actions: Prompt removal of staff from danger zone and cooling of closed containers with water spray from a safe distance
Personal Protection: Don chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, N95 or better dust mask
Spill Response: Avoid creating dust, ventilate area, contain spill with damp cloth or absorbent; collect residue in labeled hazardous waste container
Avoid Spread: Do not allow material to enter drains or natural water courses
Decontamination: Scrub exposed surfaces with soapy water, wash tools and hands thoroughly after clean-up
Waste Disposal: Seal collected waste and contaminated material for regulated disposal
Safe Handling: Open containers in fume hood or well-ventilated space, avoid inhaling dust or vapors, wash hands before eating or touching face
Storage: Store in tightly closed original container, away from food, drink, and animal feed
Temperature Recommendations: Keep out of sunlight, store at room temperature but away from direct heat
Incompatibilities: Do not mix with strong oxidizers, acids, or bases, as reactive combinations can occur
Segregation: Keep away from sources of ignition and segregate from incompatible chemicals on shelving to prevent accidental mixing
Workplace Limits: No established OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV, but dust controls should mimic similar laboratory toxins due to acute and chronic toxicity evidence from studies
Ventilation: Use local exhaust or laboratory fume hood when handling powder or preparing solutions
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, lab coats, protective eyewear, and particulate respirator for dust
Hygiene: Do not eat, drink, smoke, or apply cosmetics in areas where handled; wash thoroughly after handling or before breaks
Emergency Showers/Eyewash: Placement within immediate reach in storage and handling areas is necessary for best preparedness
Physical State: Solid, fine powder or crystalline
Color: White to pale yellow
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Melting Point: Ranges 145–146°C
Solubility in Water: Low, less than 1 g/L
Odor: Faint but distinctive pungent odor
Density: Around 1.36 g/cm³
pH (aqueous solution): Not significant, as solubility is low
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Stability: Chemically stable at ambient temperature under recommended storage conditions
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under routine storage conditions
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, direct sunlight, sources of ignition
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reactive metals
Hazardous Decomposition: On combustion or decomposition, forms hazardous gases such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and aromatic amines
Polymerization: Not known to polymerize under standard laboratory conditions
Acute Toxicity: LD50 data from rodent studies shows high toxicity from ingestion; pulmonary and renal damage observed at lower doses
Target Organs: Kidney and lungs identified as primary targets in animal research
Irritation: Contact with skin or eyes leads to irritation, redness, and soreness
Chronic Exposure: Repeat handling increases risk for cumulative organ damage; caution recommended in repeated or prolonged lab work
Carcinogenicity: No robust evidence for carcinogenicity in humans, though some naphthalene derivatives warrant concern
Sensitization: Prolonged contact might sensitize skin or respiratory system in susceptible individuals
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms; accidental spillage needs to be prevented from entering waterways
Persistence: Moderate environmental persistence; limited natural breakdown depending on local conditions
Potential Harm: Bioaccumulation risk in aquatic settings, threatens food chain health
Soil Mobility: Relatively low, but residues may remain in soil for extended periods if not managed
Wastewater Concerns: Laboratories and facilities using the compound should employ pre-treatment before discharge into municipal or surface waters
Disposal Method: Treat as hazardous chemical waste, use licensed disposal contractor for incineration or chemically safe landfill
Neutralization: Professional chemical neutralization if facility guidelines permit
Avoidance: Never pour down drains or dispose of with municipal waste
Containment: Double-bagging, sealed containers, and clear labeling recommended until waste collected
Documentation: Maintain disposal records in compliance with local regulations and best practices in chemical management
Shipping Classification: Hazardous chemical for ground, air, and marine transport
Packing Requirements: Secondary containment reducing risk of dust release, clearly labeled packages
In-Transit Hazards: Secure shipment during all phases, immediate reporting of spillage or leakage incidents
Regulatory Labels: Toxic, environmentally hazardous, restricted for certain classes of passenger air and sea transit
Status: Included on hazardous chemicals lists under several international frameworks, including REACH in Europe
Restrictions: Use restricted or monitored in several countries due to toxicity and ecological risk
Worker Safety: Subject to occupational safety rules regarding training, use of PPE, and incident reporting
Reporting Needs: Larger users must notify local health, safety, and environmental authorities regarding handling and potential emissions
