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Name: 1-Chlorohexane
Chemical Formula: C6H13Cl
Common Use: Often found as an intermediate in laboratory processes, and sometimes as a solvent in organic synthesis.
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a faint, sweet odor.
Synonyms: n-Hexyl chloride
Hazard Class: Flammable liquid, with moderate health effects upon inhalation and skin contact.
Exposure Risks: Breathing vapors can lead to dizziness, headaches, or even central nervous system depression if handled without proper ventilation.
Skin Contact: Prolonged or repeated contact may cause dryness or cracking.
Label Pictogram: Flammable warning and health hazard symbol are typically required on commercial packaging.
Main Ingredient: 1-Chlorohexane, typically found at purities above 98 percent in chemical supply settings.
Impurities: Low levels of other haloalkanes or hydrocarbon residues possible depending on production methods; not typically significant for lab-scale usage.
No known significant additives present in typical laboratory or industrial packaging.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air and monitor for symptoms such as nausea or difficulty breathing.
Skin Contact: Wash affected area thoroughly with running water and soap; remove contaminated clothing if irritation appears.
Eye Contact: Flush with water for several minutes and seek medical attention if pain, redness, or vision changes continue.
If swallowed: Seek immediate medical help. Do not induce vomiting on your own, as chemical inhalation risk may increase.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide for fire suppression; water may spread the liquid, worsening hazards.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Burning creates hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide; inhaling smoke is dangerous.
Special Precautions: Fire responders need full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus due to toxic gases produced by combustion.
Evacuation: Remove personnel from the area and ventilate the space.
Containment: Prevent liquid from entering drains or open waterways; soak up with sand, earth, or inert absorbent.
Clean-Up: Place contaminated material in sealed containers for proper disposal, wearing gloves and splash protection during contact.
Handling: Keep away from heat, sparks, and flames. Use only in areas with good air flow to avoid vapor build-up.
Storage: Store in fire-resistant, tightly sealed containers at room temperature, out of direct sunlight. Do not store with oxidizers or acids.
Labeling: Ensure storage vessels use clear labeling for easy identification and hazard recognition.
Engineering Controls: Use in chemical fume hoods or with appropriate local exhaust ventilation.
Personal Protective Equipment: Splash goggles, nitrile or neoprene gloves, and lab coats or aprons lower direct contact risk.
Breathing Protection: Use NIOSH-approved respirators in cases of poor ventilation or high vapor generation.
Boiling Point: Roughly 155°C (311°F), showing volatility at standard lab conditions.
Melting Point: About −88°C (−126°F)
Vapor Pressure: Moderate, enough to require sealed storage but lower than shorter-chain chloroalkanes.
Relative Density: Typically around 0.89 at 20°C, lighter than water, tends to float on spills.
Solubility in Water: Insoluble, forms a separate phase.
Chemical Stability: Remains stable if handled in sealed containers away from sunlight or ignition sources.
Reactive Conditions: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents or bases, and can decompose at high temperatures to create hazardous gases.
Storage Risks: Avoid heat; exposure to strong acids or alkalis triggers breakdown or violent reaction.
Acute Effects: Inhalation causes respiratory irritation, drowsiness, and headaches; direct skin contact dries and irritates.
Chronic Exposure Risks: Frequent or prolonged exposure could damage liver or kidneys, based on data from related haloalkanes, though 1-chlorohexane-specific data remains limited.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a known carcinogen; still, caution remains justified due to incomplete research on long-term health effects.
Persistence: Not quick to break down in soil or water; risks linger where accidental release occurs.
Bioaccumulation: Possible, especially in aquatic organisms, so spill or improper dumping leads to long-lasting waterway issues.
Toxic to Aquatic Life: Direct release into streams or lakes can harm fish and invertebrates, even at low concentrations.
Safe Disposal: Take waste to facilities authorized for halogenated organic chemicals; do not pour down drains or in regular trash.
Containment: Use sealed, labeled containers built for chemical spills.
Environmental Hazard: Spilled or untreated waste poses lasting pollution risk.
Shipping Classification: Regulated as a flammable liquid and hazardous substance.
Packing Methods: Containers must stay leak-proof, with careful secondary containment to prevent escape in transit.
Visibility: Labels should clearly indicate chemical and hazard level to meet shipping safety standards.
Labeling Requirements: Most regions expect both chemical identity and key safety risks labeled on primary containers.
Regulation: Included on lists for workplace chemical safety; reporting thresholds set low in industrial use due to flammability and toxicity.
Reference Standards: Safe-work and waste-handling regulations often reflect the need for a high level of caution in storage, handling, and disposal.
