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Chemical Name: 1,5-Dihydroxy-4,8-Dinitroanthraquinone
Common Name: No widely recognized trade name
CAS Number: 81-49-2
Molecular Formula: C14H6N2O8
Intended Use: Mainly specialized dye and pigment applications in industry and laboratory research settings
Appearance: Generally a dark red or brown crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Relevant Identifiers: Used in specialty chemical processes for research teams and occasionally in research linked to organic semiconductors or advanced coatings
Acute Health Hazards: Prolonged or repeated exposure can irritate skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Inhalation may result in coughing or shortness of breath. Skin contact may cause rashes or redness. Eye exposure may trigger burning or watering.
Chronic Health Hazards: Frequent unprotected exposure to aromatic nitro compounds has a history of causing headaches, blood disorders, and rarely methemoglobinemia. Those conditions, rare in the workplace today, can still surprise labs ignoring strong controls.
Physical Hazards: Dust may present a minor risk of combustible dust explosion in poorly ventilated environments. Not considered highly flammable.
Environmental Hazards: Materials with multiple nitro groups show persistence in soil and water, with potential for bioaccumulation. Possible aquatic toxicity.
Purity: Usually available above 98% assay for laboratory use
Impurities: Trace amounts of related anthraquinone derivatives, nitroaromatic byproducts from incomplete synthesis, and metal catalysts if purification lags
Percentage of Main Ingredient: Exceeds 95%
Inhalation: Move person into fresh air immediately if coughing or difficulty breathing arises. Supply oxygen or artificial respiration if breathing is labored. Seek medical help promptly if symptoms linger.
Skin Contact: Wash affected area thoroughly with soap and plenty of water for several minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. Watch for symptoms like redness or persistent rash.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently but thoroughly with water, lifting upper and lower eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. Medical attention is needed if eye pain or irritation persists.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Drink water if conscious, but avoid inducing vomiting unless a trained medical professional advises it. Get immediate medical attention for large exposures.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide for small fires. For significant fires, flood area with water mist to knock down dust and prevent spread.
Fire Hazards: Decomposes under high temperatures to release oxides of nitrogen and carbon, which present toxic inhalation risk. Melting may leave sticky residues on surfaces.
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus during firefighting inside or near affected storage. Full turnout gear recommended.
Firefighting Precautions: Avoid stirring up dry powder, as airborne dust spreads flame and toxins. Use caution with water streams that sweep powder into storm drains.
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, eye protection, and dust mask or respirator to prevent inhalation or skin exposure. Keep unnecessary personnel away from the scene. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Spill Response: For small spills, carefully sweep up using damp towels or a HEPA-filtered vacuum. Dispose of collected waste in labeled, sealed containers. Wash affected area with water afterward.
Large Release: Evacuate area and isolate the hazard. Prevent powder from entering drains or waterways. Notify environmental authorities if a significant spill has entered natural water or soil.
Safe Handling: Only open containers in well-ventilated areas using proper protective equipment. Avoid transferring powder between vessels in a way that produces airborne dust. Use local exhaust ventilation at transfer points.
Storage Requirements: Store in tightly closed containers in cool, dry, and well-ventilated environments. Keep away from food, drink, and incompatible chemicals such as strong oxidizers or acids. Segregate from combustible materials. Retain original labeling on all containers.
Special Precautions: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Never use tools contaminated with this powder for food or hand contact. Maintain records for storage quantities and shelf life to avoid outdated inventory.
Engineering Controls: General dilution ventilation works for low-level uses; jobs creating dust require local exhaust or laboratory fume hoods. Closed transfer systems protect from unintentional airborne contamination.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Gloves made of nitrile or neoprene, protective eyewear with side shields, and long sleeves limit direct contact. Respiratory protection such as a particulate filter mask (N95 or higher) can prevent inhalation if working outside a fume hood.
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA or ACGIH limit for this specific compound, but OSHA’s nuisance dust limit (15 mg/m³ total dust) provides a useful baseline.
Form: Crystalline powder
Color: Typically ranges from dark red to brown
Melting Point: Data indicates decomposition above 300°C, but precise value may depend on batch purity
Solubility: Low solubility in water, higher in organic solvents like DMSO and acetone
Boiling Point: Not applicable due to decomposition
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Density: Roughly 1.7–1.8 g/cm³
Odor: Odorless
Stability: Stable at room temperature under normal handling conditions
Stable Under: Normal temperatures and pressures, away from sunlight and heat sources
Conditions to Avoid: Contact with strong oxidizers, acids, or concentrated bases. Excessive heat initiates decomposition and off-gassing.
Hazardous Decomposition: Releases toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon oxides if heated above decomposition point. Fire or prolonged sunlight exposure accelerates breakdown.
Reactivity: Nitroaromatics tend to react if mixed with reducing agents, strong acids, or alkali metals. Avoid users experimenting with dangerous blends.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, and eye exposure
Acute Toxicity: Signs of exposure in lab animals (from closely related compounds) include respiratory irritation, minor cyanosis, and sometimes kidney or liver effects at high doses. Dermal toxicity is limited. Ingestion may result in mild headache, nausea, or dizziness.
Chronic Effects: Chronic exposure to nitroaromatics associates with greater risk for methemoglobinemia, manifesting as blue-tinged skin and chronic fatigue, especially with unventilated chronic exposure.
Carcinogenicity: No clear designation from IARC or EPA for this compound specifically; caution always advisable.
Sensitization: Repeated unprotected skin exposure could lead to contact allergy in rare cases.
Environmental Fate: Artisan nitroanthraquinones usually show limited breakdown in nature. Once in the water table or soil, the compound may persist and can migrate slowly, especially in clay soils.
Bioaccumulation: Nitroaromatic structures potentially bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms, increasing risk of long-term environmental impact.
Aquatic Toxicity: Laboratory tests with similar analogues indicate toxicity to algae and daphnia at elevated concentrations, so environmental release should be avoided.
Mobility in Soil: Moderate mobility likely, but slow degradation stretches persistence in surface and sub-surface soils.
Other Effects: Insufficient data for effects on birds, plants, or livestock; principle of precaution remains.
Disposal Method: Collect all spillage and solid waste generated. Dispose of material via incineration in a chemical waste facility with proper air emission controls. Avoid ordinary landfill or wastewater release.
Contaminated Packaging: Empty packaging should be rinsed, then discarded in accordance with regional chemical waste guidelines.
Precautions: Document all disposal steps. Attempt to minimize generation of waste by using the smallest batch sizes and reusing containers wherever safe.
Regulatory Guidance: Local environmental protection agencies often require manifest tracking for hazardous nitrochemical wastes.
UN Number: Limited or not classified under many international transport standards
Hazard Class: Not listed as a major transport hazard, but labeling as a toxic solid recommended for bulk shipments
Packing Group: Typically handled as Packing Group III if regulated, denoting lower but present hazard
Handling Precautions: Ship in firmly closed, corrosion-resistant containers to avoid leaks. Prevent movement that generates dust inside trucks or railcars.
Transport Notes: Maintain up-to-date paperwork and Material Safety Data Sheet for all shipments to assist with emergency response and regulatory compliance.
OSHA: This specific compound does not appear on the OSHA hazardous chemicals list, but its nitroaromatic class means oversight is occasionally warranted for workplace air quality
TSCA: Presence on the Toxic Substances Control Act inventory allows import, manufacture, and use in research with safety practices documented
REACH: Not specifically registered for mass volume use under EU laws; labs in Europe maintaining stocks need to track supplies for notification requirements
Community Right-to-Know: U.S. SARA Title III chemical inventory does not list this compound by name, but large storage could trigger precautionary reporting as a hazardous substance
Other Regulations: National and local guidelines on disposal, storage, and permitted uses vary; always check with local regulatory authorities prior to new facility approval or disposal of large quantities.
