© 2026 Sinochem Nanjing Corporation,
All Right Reserved
Chemical Name: 1,4-Dinitrobenzene
Common Synonyms: Para-dinitrobenzene, p-dinitrobenzene
CAS Number: 100-25-4
Molecular Formula: C6H4N2O4
Appearance: Pale yellow solid, crystalline with a subtle odor
Uses: Production of dyes, explosives, rubber chemicals; sometimes found in research settings
Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), eye irritation, skin irritation
Main Hazards: Exposure causes cyanosis, methemoglobinemia, headaches, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and damage to blood and organs
Environmental Impact: Highly toxic to aquatic life; has potential for bioaccumulation
Flammability: Can ignite under certain conditions but doesn't catch fire easily
Chemical Purity: Commercially available forms typically exceed 97% 1,4-dinitrobenzene
Impurities: May contain trace amounts of related nitrobenzene compounds due to manufacturing processes
Inhalation: Move away from contaminated air; administer oxygen if signs of breathing difficulty appear; medical attention is important
Skin Exposure: Promptly remove clothing and wash skin with soap and water; delayed irritation may occur so repeated washing helps
Eye Contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes; avoid rubbing eyes, as this can worsen irritation
Ingestion: Encourage victim not to vomit; seek immediate medical support because of systemic toxicity risk
Symptoms to Watch For: Blue lips or fingertips, weakness, confusion, dizziness, rapid heart rate
Suitable Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide
Special Hazards: Burning produces toxic smoke with nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide
PPE Recommendations: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus, chemical-resistant clothing
Fire Behavior: Slow to ignite but once burning, emits hazardous fumes; water spray can reduce vapors
Spill Containment: Prevent material from entering drains and waterways
Personal Precautions: Use disposable gloves, goggles, and dust mask to avoid direct contact and inhalation
Cleanup Practice: Scoop or sweep solid into sealable container for proper disposal; avoid raising dust
Ventilation: Open all windows and doors to disperse fumes in enclosed spaces
Safe Handling: Minimize dust creation, use with adequate ventilation, never eat or drink in work area
Storage Conditions: Keep in well-ventilated, dry, cool environment away from direct light and sources of ignition
Compatibility: Store away from strong reducing agents and combustibles to avoid unwanted reactions
Spill Readiness: Keep absorbent materials and appropriate containers nearby for spill management
Exposure Limits: Regulatory bodies typically cap workplace exposure at low levels due to chronic health risks
Engineering Controls: Use fume hoods, local exhaust, or general room ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment: Gloves made from nitrile or neoprene, wrap-around chemical splash goggles, and lab coats minimize skin and eye exposure
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved masks if airborne concentration exceeds safe limits
Physical State: Solid, yellow crystals
Odor: Faint, somewhat sweet-like nitrobenzene
Melting Point: 172 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Low in water, higher in organic solvents like ethanol and ether
Vapor Pressure: Extremely low at ambient temperatures
Density: About 1.6 g/cm³
Chemical Stability: Stable under dry, ambient conditions without strong heat or light
Reactivity Hazards: Reacts with strong reducing agents, may form explosive mixtures with finely divided metals
Dangerous Byproducts: Nitrogen oxides, benzene derivatives form under combustion
Decomposition: Accelerated by heat or acidic/alkaline media
Acute Toxicity: Swallowed or inhaled dust causes systemic symptoms including cyanosis, headache, fatigue; severe poisoning leads to loss of consciousness and organ failure
Chronic Exposure: Long-term contact impairs blood function, mainly by forming methemoglobin
Routes of Exposure: Skin, eyes, inhalation, ingestion
Sensitization: Prolonged or repeated exposure causes skin irritation or allergic reactions in some users
Carcinogenicity: No strong evidence of cancer risk, but insufficient human data for conclusive assessment
Environmental Fate: Breaks down slowly, especially in soil and water without sunlight or microbial activity
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly hazardous to fish and aquatic invertebrates; low concentrations disrupt biological functions
Persistence: Because of its stability, 1,4-dinitrobenzene can linger in ecosystems, increasing risk to wildlife
Bioaccumulation: Evidence shows a tendency to build up in living tissue, putting top predators at risk over time
Safe Disposal Methods: Disposal requires incineration in well-controlled facilities ensuring destructive combustion
Do Not Dispose: Avoid dumping in sewers, landfill, or natural bodies of water
Regulatory Oversight: Subject to strict hazardous waste rules; always refer to local or national regulations
Transport Category: Classified as hazardous by transport authorities
Packing Requirements: Use corrosion-resistant, sealed containers with clear hazard marking
Transit Hazards: Avoid heat and collisions; accidental releases during shipping threaten workers and environment
Documentation: Carriers often need special documentation listing chemical risks and emergency protocol
Workplace Regulation: Governed under chemical safety acts; employers obligated to control exposure and inform employees
Environmental Law: International and national authorities restrict release and set reporting thresholds for accidental discharges
Public Health: Some countries require labeling and community notification of use or storage
Occupational Limits: Enforcement agencies issue exposure limits based on best scientific evidence to reduce risk
Compliance: Regular audits and worker training form the backbone of safe day-to-day handling
