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Chemical Name: 1,4-Dimethylpiperazine
Molecular Formula: C6H14N2
Chemical Family: Alkyl-substituted piperazines
Synonyms: N,N'-Dimethylpiperazine, Piperazine, 1,4-dimethyl-
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with an amine-like odor
Common Uses: Often used in specialty chemical synthesis, laboratories, and as an intermediate for dyes, pharmaceuticals, and other chemical processes
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid, Acute toxicity (oral and dermal), Skin and eye irritant
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor; Harmful if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin; Causes skin and eye irritation
Primary Routes of Exposure: Skin contact, eye contact, inhalation, ingestion
Symptoms of Exposure: Burning of mucous membranes, headache, dizziness, cough, nausea, irritation of skin or eyes
Main Ingredient: 1,4-Dimethylpiperazine (CAS Number 106-58-1)
Concentration: Typically close to 100% in pure form for laboratory or industrial use
Impurities: Manufacturing process may leave trace levels of related piperazine compounds or solvents
Eye Contact: Immediately flush with water for several minutes, holding eyelids open. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Seek attention if a reaction develops.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Support breathing if needed. Seek medical help if symptoms occur.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Avoid inducing vomiting. Seek immediate medical help.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Water spray may help to cool containers but avoid full streams.
Fire Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, especially in confined spaces. Containers can burst under fire conditions.
Firefighting Precautions: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical protective clothing.
Decomposition Hazards: Toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide can form during fires
Personal Precautions: Evacuate the area if vapors build up. Avoid breathing vapors and prevent skin or eye contact by using protective gear.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent chemical from entering drains, watercourses or soil.
Spill Response: Ventilate area. Absorb spill with inert material such as dry sand or earth. Ensure waste is contained in clearly labeled, closed containers for disposal.
Handling: Always use in well-ventilated settings. Avoid contact by wearing gloves and protective eyewear. Prevent formation of vapor in air, especially near ignition sources.
Storage: Store in cool, dry, secure locations away from heat, sparks, or open flame. Containers should stay tightly closed and labeled clearly.
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation to keep levels below exposure limits.
Personal Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles or face shields, flame-resistant protective clothing, and in certain scenarios, approved respiratory protection.
Exposure Limits: As with many amine derivatives, strict limits often aren’t established, so care and exposure indication should rely on general amine safety protocols.
Physical State: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Amine-like
Boiling Point: Approx. 138°C
Melting Point: Below room temperature
Solubility: Miscible in water and most organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Moderate, could pose inhalation concerns in confined spaces
Flash Point: Typically below 60°C, placing it among flammable solvents
Density: Near or slightly less than water, floats in large spills
Chemical Stability: In normal storage, remains stable. Exposed to heat, acids, or strong oxidizers, decomposition risk grows.
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, isocyanates
Hazardous Decomposition: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons
Acute Toxicity: Harmful by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact; LD50 data suggests moderate risk in mammals, typical of amine compounds
Irritation: Proven irritation of eyes, mucous membranes, and skin
Chronic Exposure: Data remains limited, but prolonged or repeated skin exposure may lead to dermatitis or sensitization.
Environmental Hazards: Moderately toxic to aquatic organisms. Fast breakdown in surface water, but concentrated releases can threaten water quality.
Persistence and Degradability: Tends to degrade in the environment, though breakdown products may still harm aquatic life.
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely to build up in animal tissues, but repeated exposure can stress aquatic ecosystems.
Waste Management: Collect in suitable sealed containers. Dispose of contents through incineration or hazardous waste facility. Do not pour down drains.
Used Containers: Rinse thoroughly before disposal or recycling. Residual chemical can pose fire or exposure risks.
Regulatory Compliance: Handle disposal under local, state, and federal chemical waste regulations.
Shipping Precautions: Classified as flammable liquid according to most transport agencies.
Packing Requirements: Leak-proof, chemical-resistant containers with secure closures. Label shipments with clear hazard signage.
Transport Restrictions: Keep separate from oxidizers and sources of ignition during transit.
GHS/OSHA Compliance: Meets labeling and hazard communication standards in major industrialized countries.
Environmental Laws: Falling under hazardous materials management, especially regarding aquatic toxicity and flammability.
Worker Protection: Covered by international chemical workplace safety regulations; employers remain responsible for hazard training and PPE requirements.
