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Chemical Name: 1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane
Chemical Formula: C8H16
Common Uses: Intermediate in chemical synthesis, lab solvent, fuel additive
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Faint, hydrocarbon-like smell
Molecular Weight: 112.21 g/mol
Physical Dangers: Highly flammable liquid and vapor
Health Risks: Causes eye and skin irritation, headache or dizziness from inhalation, possible narcotic effects at high exposure
Environmental Hazards: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Route of Entry: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion
Pictograms: Flame, exclamation mark, environment symbol often turn up on labels
Main Component: 1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (greater than 99 percent purity in most uses)
Impurities: Trace levels of related hydrocarbons depending on manufacturing source
CAS Number: 628-41-1
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, keep comfortable, seek medical help for trouble breathing
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothes, wash skin with plenty of soap and water, call a doctor if rash appears or irritation lingers
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously, keep eyelids open, get help if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid vomiting without medical advice, get immediate medical attention
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide—water may spread burning liquid
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water jet
Specific Hazards: Vapors form explosive mixtures with air, dangerous run-off possible
Protective Equipment: Full protective gear including self-contained breathing apparatus
Personal Precautions: Remove ignition sources, ventilate area, wear protective gear
Environmental Precautions: Avoid discharge into drains, soil, or water bodies
Cleanup Methods: Contain spill with inert absorbent (sand, earth), collect in safe container for disposal, wash area with water after cleanup
Handling: Handle in well-ventilated spaces, use spark-proof tools, ground containers during transfer, avoid breathing vapors
Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers, keep cool, avoid direct sun and heat, segregate from oxidizers and sources of ignition
Engineering Controls: Provide exhaust ventilation, use fume hoods for lab use
Personal Protective Equipment: Safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, flame-retardant clothing, face shields for splash risk
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved respirators if ventilation does not control vapor levels
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating or drinking, do not smoke near containers, change contaminated clothing promptly
Physical State: Liquid
Boiling Point: Around 170°C
Melting Point: Around -44°C
Flash Point: About 38°C (closed cup—just over typical room temperature)
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents
Odor Threshold: Low; strong enough to alert you to a spill before reaching high concentrations
Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature and under recommended storage
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flames, sources of static or sparks, incompatible chemicals
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids
Hazardous Decomposition: Releases carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide if burned
Polymerization: Not known to polymerize under normal use
Acute Effects: Short-term exposure can lead to dizziness, nausea, or headaches if vapors are heavy, mild skin or eye irritation on contact
Chronic Effects: Extended exposure might impair nervous system functions, rarely encountered with basic industrial safety steps
Routes of Exposure: Respiratory tract for vapors, skin for splashes, unlikely via ingestion outside lab settings
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a human carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Sensitization: No strong evidence for allergic response from skin contact in healthy adults
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, can cause long term damage in water bodies
Persistence and Degradability: Breaks down slowly by sunlight and bacteria, sticks around if spilled in lakes or rivers
Bioaccumulation: Tends to build up in the fatty tissues of fish and other wildlife
Mobility in Soil: Low soluble nature keeps it mostly where spilled, but it floats and spreads along water surfaces
Disposal Methods: Incinerate in permitted chemical waste facility, never pour down drain or throw away with regular trash
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers carry vapor risks, rinse and puncture before sending out as hazardous waste
Precautions: Follow local, state, and national regulations for hazardous chemical disposal
Road Transport: Classified as flammable liquid, requires special signage and secure container
Sea Transport: Must be listed as marine pollutant on shipping papers, segregate from food and oxidizers
Air Transport: Banned from passenger aircraft, restricted on cargo flights
Packing Groups: Usually in Group III for moderate danger
Special Precautions: Notify carriers of hazards, use flame-resistant containers, avoid rough handling
Global Inventories: Listed under TSCA and many similar national databases
Labeling Requirements: Needs flammable and environmental hazard symbols with hazard statements
Workplace Limits: No OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV found; default to solvent exposure limits for hydrocarbons
Restrictions: Banned from use near open flames in workplaces, not allowed as a fragrance solvent in consumer products
Community Safety: Inclusion on hazardous materials lists for fire departments, regular safety training for handlers remains a must
