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Name: 1,4-Dichlorobutane
Chemical Formula: C4H8Cl2
Common Use: Used in chemical manufacturing, research, and specialty synthesis
Physical Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a sweet odor
CAS Number: 110-56-5
Health Risk: Irritates eyes, skin, and respiratory system; can be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through skin
Flammability: Flammable liquid; vapors can form explosive mixtures with air
Environmental Impact: Toxic to aquatic life; may cause long-term adverse effects in the environment
Critical Hazards: Can form hazardous decomposition products during fire; prolonged or repeated exposure increases risk of organ damage
Precautionary Statement: Use personal protection; avoid breathing vapors; keep away from ignition sources
Chemical Identity: 1,4-Dichlorobutane
Concentration: Typically above 95% purity for bulk chemical use
Impurities: Traces of related haloalkanes may be present
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air quickly; seek medical attention if symptoms like coughing or difficulty breathing do not subside
Skin Contact: Wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water, lifting eyelids occasionally
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water; seek immediate medical aid for any symptoms
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam; avoid straight water streams that may spread fire
Hazardous Combustion Products: Emits hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and carbon oxides
Special Equipment: Firefighters should wear chemical-resistant gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Fire Behavior: Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to distant ignition sources; containers may rupture when heated
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unprotected personnel; use appropriate protective equipment
Ventilation: Ensure proper ventilation to disperse vapors
Containment: Stop leaks if possible without risk; prevent entry into waterways or drains
Cleanup: Soak up with inert absorbent material like sand; collect residues for safe disposal; ventilate area after cleanup
Handling: Avoid skin and eye contact; minimize vapor formation; work in well-ventilated areas; ground equipment during transfer
Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated places, away from ignition sources and incompatible chemicals like strong oxidizers
Container Requirements: Keep containers tightly closed with proper labeling; store away from direct sunlight and heat
Engineering Measures: Use local exhaust ventilation to reduce inhalation risk
Personal Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles or face shield, and protective clothing
Respiratory Protection: Use approved organic vapor respirators if workplace exposure limits may be exceeded
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after handling and before eating; do not eat, drink or smoke near chemicals
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature
Color and Odor: Colorless; sweet, ether-like odor
Boiling Point: About 161°C
Melting Point: Below room temperature
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at standard conditions
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; mixes well with organic solvents
Density: Heavier than water
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under recommended storage and handling
Incompatibility: May react with strong oxidizers; avoid acids and bases during storage
Hazardous Decomposition: Chlorinated and carbon oxide gases during combustion
Polymerization: Not reported to polymerize under normal conditions
Acute Effects: Causes irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes; inhalation or ingestion can bring dizziness, nausea, or headaches
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure may damage liver, kidneys, or nervous system
Carcinogenicity: Classified as not expected to be carcinogenic based on available studies
Routes of Exposure: Main routes are inhalation, dermal absorption, accidental ingestion
Environmental Fate: Volatile; persists if released to air but breaks down over weeks to months
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life even at low concentrations
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate significantly, but can move through environmental pathways to reach water systems
Disposal Impact: Spillages have long-lasting effects, especially if entering waterways
Waste Handling: Collect waste in sealed, properly labeled chemical containers
Treatment: Incinerate using special equipment complying with environmental regulations
Spill Disposal: Avoid release to ground and water; dispose of absorbents and residues as hazardous chemical waste
Shipping Name: 1,4-Dichlorobutane
Hazard Class: Flammable liquid
Packing Group: III (moderate hazard)
Transport Precautions: Avoid temperature extremes; secure drums properly; keep away from food and feedstuffs during shipping
Chemical Control: Listed under international chemical inventories; subject to safety and reporting standards
Worker Protection: Covered by workplace hazard communication plans; employers must train staff on risks and safe handling
Environmental Regulation: Releases trigger reporting under many national environmental laws; disposal practices are controlled to prevent land and water pollution
