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Synonyms: Tetramethylenediamine, Putrescine
Chemical formula: C4H12N2
Appearance: Clear to yellowish liquid or crystalline solid with a strong, fishy, ammonia-like odor
Common uses: Precursor for nylon, rubber chemicals, corrosion inhibitors, pharmaceuticals, and various chemical intermediates
Hazard class: Corrosive to skin and eyes, can cause severe burns
Pictograms: Corrosion, exclamation mark (as per GHS labeling)
Acute toxicity: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin
Environmental hazards: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Chronic concerns: Long-term exposure may lead to respiratory problems and tissue damage
Chemical name: 1,4-Butanediamine
CAS Number: 110-60-1
Purity: Commercial product is typically above 98%
Impurities: May contain traces of moisture and other aliphatic amines
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air; seek medical attention if breathing becomes difficult
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately; wash with soap and plenty of water
Eye contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; seek immediate medical care due to risk of severe eye injury
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, seek urgent medical advice
Extinguishing media: Use water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical
Fire hazards: Flammable in presence of open flame or heat, gives off toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and ammonia under fire conditions
Protective gear: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
Specific risks: Containers may explode under extreme heat; runoff from firefighting could be hazardous
Personal precautions: Evacuate area; equip personnel with protective gloves, goggles, and respirators to avoid skin and respiratory exposure
Spill management: Contain leak if safe, ventilate area well; absorb small spills with inert material like sand
Disposal: Place residue and contaminated materials in tightly sealed containers for proper disposal
Storage conditions: Store in tightly closed containers, away from acids, oxidizers, and heat sources
Safe handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas, avoid splashing, prevent contact with skin and eyes, do not eat, drink, or smoke near material
Compatibility: Avoid mixing with strong acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, and oxidizing reagents
Engineering controls: Install local exhaust ventilation and safety showers in work areas
Personal protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, apron, full face shield, and suitable respiratory protection
Monitoring: Regular assessment of airborne concentrations, ensure emergency eyewash stations are functional
Limit values: No specific occupational exposure limit from OSHA, but use general amine precautions
Molecular weight: 88.15 g/mol
Melting point: Around 28–30°C
Boiling point: Approximately 197°C
Density: About 0.872 g/cm3 at 20°C
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, and various organic solvents
Vapor pressure: Low at room temperature
Odor threshold: Strong, distinctive, fishy like most aliphatic diamines
Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but highly reactive with acids and oxidizing agents
Polymerization: Not known to polymerize
Decomposition: Releases toxic gases including ammonia and other nitrogen oxides under extreme heat
Reactive incompatibilities: Rapidly reacts with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, and strong oxidants
Routes of exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin, and eye contact
Acute effects: Rapid onset of burning sensations, rash, possible respiratory tract irritation
Chronic effects: Repeated skin exposure can cause dermatitis; inhalation may cause lung damage over time
LD50: Oral-rat values reported near 200 mg/kg
Carcinogenicity: No classification as human carcinogen by IARC or NTP as of latest data
Aquatic toxicity: Harmful to fish and aquatic invertebrates, could negatively affect local water organisms upon release
Persistence: Can degrade in the environment but significant risk to local aquatic habitats remains
Bioaccumulation: No evidence of significant accumulation, though chronic low-level effects in ecosystems noted
Precaution: Prevent uncontrolled discharge into soil, surface, and groundwater
Waste management: Collect and neutralize hazardous waste using appropriate chemical treatments in compliance with hazardous waste regulations
Disposal method: Incineration under controlled conditions preferred, avoid landfill where leaching could occur
Container disposal: Clean thoroughly before recycling or dispose of according to local guidelines
UN number: 2717
Shipping class: Corrosive liquid, n.o.s. (not otherwise specified)
Packaging: Use corrosion-resistant, tightly sealed containers, clearly labeled with hazard symbols
Special criteria: Keep segregated from acids and foodstuffs during transport to prevent cross-contamination or reaction
OSHA status: Considered a hazardous chemical requiring comprehensive hazard communication
TSCA status: Listed on the US Toxic Substances Control Act inventory
EPCRA/SARA: May trigger reporting requirements based on storage and use quantities
Labeling requirements: Clear hazard labeling and safety training for workers handling the product must be in place wherever used
