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Name: 1,2-Phenylenediamine Synonyms: o-Phenylenediamine CAS Number: 95-54-5 Formula: C6H8N2 Appearance: Off-white to light yellow or brown solid; turns darker with exposure to air Odor: Slightly aromatic Common Use: hair dye intermediates, polymer stabilizers, rubber chemicals, dyes for textiles and printing
Classification: Harmful if swallowed, contact with skin causes irritation, may cause allergic skin reactions, causes severe eye irritation Hazard Pictograms: Exclamation mark, health hazard signal Symptoms: Redness, itching, watering in eyes, dermatitis on skin, nausea, headache if inhaled or ingested Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion Acute and Chronic Hazards: Can sensitize skin after repeated use, long-term exposure may impact liver and kidney function based on animal studies
Substance: 1,2-Phenylenediamine Purity: Typically above 98% in laboratory or industrial supply Main impurities: Minor organic compounds related to manufacturing process Impurity Hazards: Some impurities may carry similar or additional health risks
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, get medical aid for persistent breathing difficulty Eye Contact: Flush eyes with water for several minutes, hold eyelids open, seek medical attention if symptoms continue Skin Contact: Wash skin with soap and water, take off contaminated clothing, seek care if irritation appears Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, get medical help quickly Suitable Emergency Response: Quick removal from exposure and prompt washing are crucial for limiting harm
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, water spray in small volumes Hazardous Combustion Products: May generate toxic fumes like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide Special Equipment: Firefighters should use full protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus Explosion Hazards: Dust can form explosive mixtures with air; strong heating increases danger Advice to Firefighters: Cool containers with water, prevent runoff water from entering drains
Personal Precautions: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, avoid inhalation of dust Spill Clean-up: Sweep up without raising dust, place in closed container for disposal, ventilate area Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry to watercourses and drains, alert authorities if major spill occurs Clean-up Crew Advice: Use non-sparking tools, avoid dry sweeping in confined areas Decontamination: Wash contaminated surfaces thoroughly after clean-up
Handling Practices: Handle in well-ventilated area, minimize dust generation, avoid inhalation and contact with skin or eyes Personal Hygiene: Wash hands before breaks and after using the chemical, no food or beverages in work area Storage: Keep in tightly sealed container, store in cool, dry spot, away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides may cause hazardous reactions Storage Life Advice: Avoid prolonged contact with air to reduce oxidation and discoloration
Engineering Controls: Use with local exhaust ventilation, enclose process to limit airborne dust Respiratory Protection: Use approved respirators if airborne limits are exceeded Eye Protection: Chemical safety goggles recommended Skin Protection: Wear nitrile or neoprene gloves, long-sleeved clothing Exposure Limits: OSHA, NIOSH, ACGIH have set time-weighted average exposure limits; refer to updated regulatory values Workplace Monitoring: Regular air sampling helps ensure controls are effective Hygiene Measures: Avoid contact with skin and eyes, remove contaminated clothing promptly
Physical State: Solid Color: Off-white to pale brown Odor: Aromatic Melting Point: 102-104°C Boiling Point: 267°C Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water, more soluble in alcohol or ether Molecular Weight: 108.14 g/mol Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature Flash Point: Above 150°C Stability: Darkens with air exposure
Chemical Stability: Fairly stable under recommended storage conditions Conditions to Avoid: Exposure to air, heat sources, moisture can degrade compound, increase risk Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, acid chlorides Decomposition Products: Burning releases hazardous chemicals, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides Polymerization: Not reported under normal conditions Container Advice: Use inert, dry containers to reduce contamination hazard
Acute Toxicity: May cause serious irritation to eyes, skin, respiratory tract; toxic if swallowed Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, eye contact Sensitization: Can cause skin reactions on repeated exposure (contact allergy) Carcinogenicity: Some studies suggest potential risk of cancer, especially through chronic exposure Mutagenicity: Lab results indicate possibility of genetic mutation in cell cultures Organ Effects: Prolonged exposure impacts liver and kidneys in laboratory animals Reproductive Toxicity: Data in animal studies vary, direct implications for humans remain limited
Environmental Fate: Low to moderate mobility in soil, breaks down slowly under normal environmental conditions Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life at relatively low concentrations Bioaccumulation: Potential exists due to chemical’s stability and low degradability Persistence: Not readily biodegradable; structure resists rapid breakdown Wildlife Impact: Release to water can cause long-term ecological effects Precautions: Prevent from entering soil and surface waters
Disposal Method: Incinerate in approved chemical waste facility or handle as hazardous chemical waste per local regulations Do Not: Dispose down drains, in household waste or general landfill Empty Container Handling: Containers can carry residue; treat as hazardous waste Spill Residue: Place clean-up materials in labeled hazardous waste containers Disposal Compliance: Follow EPA and local waste disposal authority recommendations
Transport Classification: Classified as hazardous for ground, air, marine transport Proper Shipping Name: Consult national and international regulations for exact naming Packing Instructions: Use leak-proof packaging, prevent breakage Labeling: Hazardous material symbols must be present on transport container Restrictions: Avoid shipment with incompatible chemicals Emergency Protocol: Spillage or leakage triggers specific transport emergency actions
Chemical Regulations: Listed on major national inventories (TSCA, REACH, etc.) Hazard Labeling: Subject to strict labeling requirements for occupational and consumer markets Workplace Rules: Regulations set strict limits on exposure and require reporting of significant spills Special Provisions: Restrictions apply for consumer use, especially in cosmetics and hair care due to health risks Compliance Advice: Regular safety training, careful recording of on-site amounts, and adoption of best practices are all part of responsible use
