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Name: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
CAS Number: 540-73-8
Other Names: Symmetrical dimethylhydrazine, SDMH
Molecular Formula: C2H8N2
Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid, strong ammonia-like odor
Common Uses: Organic synthesis, research in chemical carcinogenesis
Hazard Classification: Flammable liquid and vapor; acute toxicity by inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption; suspected carcinogen
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Symbols: Flame, Skull and Crossbones, Health Hazard
Main Risks: Easily ignites, releases toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides, damages organs, long-term exposure linked to cancer
Exposure Routes: Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion
Chemical Name: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
Concentration: Pure (approximately 100% in most laboratory settings)
Impurities: Presence of trace moisture or related hydrazines may occur depending on source and storage
Inhalation: Move the exposed person to fresh air, keep at rest, seek immediate medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, flush skin thoroughly with water for long period, consult doctor
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses, contact ophthalmologist if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, promptly seek medical help, risk of systemic toxicity significant
Other Considerations: It takes quick, coordinated action because symptoms may be delayed but can rapidly worsen
Extinguishing Media: Use foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical; water may be ineffective for large spill fires
Fire Hazards: Highly flammable, can produce dangerous vapors, burns to give off toxic, corrosive gases
Firefighting Tips: Approach from upwind, wear self-contained breathing apparatus, prevent runoff from entering drains or watercourses
Explosion Risk: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, flashback may occur
Evacuation: Isolate area promptly, restrict access for non-essential personnel
Ventilation: Increase airflow to prevent vapor accumulation
Containment: Absorb spills with inert material such as vermiculite or sand, carefully collect, avoid contact
Decontamination: Wash surface with water and detergent after cleanup, use full protective equipment
Safety Precautions: Coordinate with fire brigade if there’s ignition risk, keep sources of ignition away, prevent chemical from reaching waterways
Safe Handling: Work under chemical fume hood, use equipment rated for flammable chemicals, avoid inhalation and direct contact
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated space, keep away from sunlight, segregate from oxidizers and acids, use secondary containment
Incompatibles: Avoid storing near strong oxidizers, acids, and halogenated compounds
Container Choice: Use UN-approved, tightly sealed containers
Signage: Label storage area as hazardous chemical zone; restrict access to trained personnel only
Occupational Exposure Limits: Consult regulations, exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods, explosion-proof ventilation, closed transfer systems help protect workers
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, gloves made from nitrile or butyl rubber, lab coat, impervious apron, full face shield for large volumes
Respiratory Protection: Use appropriate respirator if airborne concentrations approach permissible limits
Decontamination: Wash hands and exposed skin after use, launder clothing before reuse
State: Liquid
Odor: Strong ammonia-like
Boiling Point: Roughly 87°C
Melting Point: Approximately -9°C
Solubility: Miscible with water, dissolves in organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Noticeable at room temperature
Flammability: High, vapors travel and can ignite remotely
Density: Close to 0.87 g/cm³
pH: Strongly basic in solution
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions but reacts violently with strong oxidizers
Reactivity Profile: Forms explosive mixtures with air, may react with acidic or halogenated materials
Incompatible Materials: Avoid acids, oxidizers, halogens; risk of heat and gas evolution
Decomposition Products: Toxic fumes, including nitrogen oxides
Polymerization Risk: Generally not a concern in isolation, but exposure to certain catalysts may trigger hazardous reactions
Acute Effects: Highly toxic by all routes; inhalation causes respiratory tract irritation, headache, nausea, potential convulsions and coma
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure linked to liver and kidney damage, carcinogenic activity well documented in numerous animal studies
Skin Contact: Severe irritation, risk of systemic toxicity upon absorption
Eye Exposure: Pain, redness, risk of permanent injury
LD50/LC50 Data: Low oral LD50 in rats (~79 mg/kg), inhalation exposure rapidly fatal at modest concentrations
Environmental Impact: Toxic to aquatic life even at low concentrations, poses risk of bioaccumulation
Degradation: Persistence in environment varies; rapid breakdown possible under some conditions, but toxicity lingers
Mobility: Soluble in water, risk for groundwater contamination
Precautions: Do not let product reach surface water or sewage systems
Waste Handling: Designate as hazardous chemical waste
Treatment: Incinerate under controlled, licensed conditions with proper off-gas scrubbing; neutralization not always effective or safe
Container Disposal: Triple rinse, then dispose as hazardous material
Local Requirements: Follow regional hazardous waste laws, document all disposal actions to regulatory standards
Shipping Name: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
UN Number: UN 1163
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic), 3 (Flammable Liquid)
Packing Group: I (high danger)
Labeling: Toxic, Flammable Liquid
Transport Requirements: Specialized containers, documentation, trained handlers, prohibit public transport
Spill Response: Emergency procedures for leaks or spills during transit critical for safety
Listed Carcinogen: OSHA, IARC, NTP all flag 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine as probable or confirmed carcinogen
Workplace Requirements: OSHA requires strict exposure control; US EPA tracks use and disposal as hazardous waste
International Controls: Covered under various international agreements limiting manufacture, handling, and transport
Community Right-to-Know: Facilities using this chemical must report storage and releases under US and other national laws, neighbor notification required for large quantities
