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Chemical Name: 1,2-Diethylhydrazine
Other Names: N,N'-Diethylhydrazine
Formula: C4H12N2
Physical Description: Colorless or pale-yellow liquid, strong ammonia-like odor
Categories: Organic hydrazine derivative, industrial and laboratory chemical
Acute Health Risks: Toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin; possible organ damage
Chronic Risks: Extended exposure linked to liver and kidney damage
Flammability: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; risk of explosive mixtures in air
Irritation Potential: Severe irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract
Carcinogenic Potential: Hydrazine derivatives have shown carcinogenicity in some animal studies;
Specific Dangers: Inhalation leads to coughing, headache, nausea, or pulmonary edema; contact burns skin and eyes rapidly; ingestion causes nausea and systemic toxicity.
Main Compound: 1,2-Diethylhydrazine; typically found in purities above 95% for industrial processes
Possible Impurities: Small amounts of monoethylhydrazine, hydrazine, water, trace organic solvents
Concentration: Minor components rarely contribute to overall toxicity but can affect reactivity.
Inhalation: Remove person from exposure, fresh air is essential, seek medical attention for breathing difficulty
Skin Contact: Wash affected area thoroughly with soap and running water for fifteen minutes, remove contaminated clothing
Eye Exposure: Rinse eyes using plenty of water, eyelids open, for several minutes; avoid rubbing
Ingestion: Medical help should be sought immediately; do not induce vomiting, give water if victim is conscious
Emergency Symptoms: Vomiting, confusion, shortness of breath, severe irritation or burns signal need for urgent medical help.
Suitable Extinguishing Agents: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray in fog patterns
Special Hazards: Release of toxic gases—nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ethylamine possible during fire
Protective Equipment: Full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus required for responders
Fire Response: Remove all sources of ignition, evacuate area, cool exposed containers with water
Combustion Risk: Rapid ignition, flashback possible; vapors heavier than air may move along floors to distant sources of ignition.
Personal Protection: Use chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, face shield, appropriate respirator
Spill Cleanup: Ventilate area, absorb liquid with inert material, avoid runoff to sewers
Environmental Protection: Prevent entry to water sources; spills can destroy aquatic life
Disposal: Collected residue placed in sealed containers for disposal by licensed waste handlers
Decontamination: Wash surfaces with plenty of water after pick-up to remove residues.
Handling Practices: Use only in well-ventilated areas; no smoking or open flames nearby; avoid breathing vapor
Storage Conditions: Keep in tightly closed containers, stored in a cool, isolated spot separate from oxidizers
Compatibility: Never store near strong acids, bases, or agents like organic peroxides
Labeling: Clear chemical hazard signs posted, safety instructions on storage cabinets
PPE During Handling: Gloves, splash goggles, chemical apron a must during transfers or measuring.
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods or local exhaust strongly recommended
Personal Protective Equipment: Respiratory protection when airborne concentrations approach danger levels, gloves rated for organic solvents, closed shoes, face protection
Workplace Practices: Wash hands after handling, avoid eating or drinking in work area, regular equipment checks for leaks or spills
Exposure Limits: Published exposure limits scarce, but American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommends minimizing hydrazine exposures to the lowest feasible
Monitoring: Air quality monitoring required in confined spaces or large-scale applications
Appearance: Clear or faintly yellow
Boiling Point: Ca. 114-116 °C
Melting Point: Below room temperature
Density: Approximately 0.86 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Mixes with water and organic solvents
Vapor Density: Heavier than air
Odor: Pungent, ammonia-like, hard to ignore even at low concentrations
Vapor Pressure: Volatile, especially under warm conditions
Flashpoint: Low enough to require careful storage away from heat or spark sources.
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage;
Reactivity: May react violently with oxidizing agents, nitric acid, or halogens
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sources of ignition, strong light, mixing with peroxides or chlorine compounds
Hazardous Decomposition: Fires or strong reactions produce toxic nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and volatile amines
Polymerization: No dangerous polymerization reported, but may produce unstable byproducts under harsh conditions.
Acute Toxicity: Oral and dermal exposure highly toxic; reported LD50 values in rats as low as a few hundred milligrams per kilogram
Inhalation Effects: Exposure rapidly damages lungs and nervous system; headaches, dizziness, vomiting arise quickly
Skin and Eye Effects: Severe burns, necrosis possible on prolonged or concentrated contact
Sensitization: No broad data, yet hydrazine compounds sometimes sensitize respiratory system
Chronic Risks: Organ damage, possible mutagenicity, potential link to carcinogenic processes suggested by animal studies
Symptoms: Weakness, liver pain, jaundice, confusion in severe poisoning scenarios.
Aquatic Toxicity: Extremely harmful to aquatic life, rapid biocidal effect at low concentrations
Biodegradability: Organic breakdown may occur, but not before local acute toxicity to fish or invertebrates
Bioaccumulation: Likely minimal accumulation, yet repeated release endangers aquatic food webs
Soil Impact: Leaching contaminates groundwater, compounds may persist in soil
Air: Volatilizes easily, contributes to atmospheric nitrogen oxide loads.
Safe Disposal: Only by professionals; incineration under controlled conditions or chemical breakdown recommended
Avoid: Pouring down drains, mixing with regular trash; direct environmental release illegal and damaging
Regulatory Guidance: Local laws must be followed, hazardous waste tracking systems common in the US, EU, and beyond
Container Disposal: Fully decontaminate or destroy empty packaging.
Packaging: Leak-proof, sealed steel drums or approved polyethylene containers, always upright, away from heat
Shipping Category: Classified as dangerous/hazardous goods for all major transport modes
Precautions in Transit: Trained handlers required, clear hazard labeling, spill supplies on-hand
Restrictions: Prohibited in passenger aircraft cargo, many regional transit routes have extra requirements
Occupational Guidelines: Agencies like OSHA and EU-REACH include hydrazines on lists for strict risk management
Environmental Directives: Discharge or emission strictly controlled under Clean Water Acts or REACH registration
Transport Laws: International carriage handled by ADR, IMDG, IATA rules
Workplace Law: Exposure monitoring, CMR (Carcinogen, Mutagen, Reprotoxic) labeling where applicable
Consumer Use: Banned or tightly restricted; only professionals with chemist training permitted access in most countries.
