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Chemical Name: 1,2-Dibromobenzene
Synonyms: o-Dibromobenzene
CAS Number: 583-53-9
Molecular Formula: C6H4Br2
Common Uses: Used in organic synthesis, pesticide intermediates, and as a solvent in laboratory work
Physical State: Liquid at room temperature, colorless to pale yellow
Immediate Hazards: Irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, with symptoms like burning and coughing on exposure
Chronic Effects: Prolonged contact might affect the liver or kidneys, based on available toxicology data
Signal Words (GHS): Warning for potential acute toxicity and harmful impacts if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin
NFPA Ratings: Health 2, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 (quantifies potential risks in practical situations)
Ingredient: 1,2-Dibromobenzene (purity typically above 99%)
Impurities: Trace amounts of unreacted bromobenzene or other halogenated benzenes can show up, mostly from industrial processes
Eye Contact: Immediate flushing with copious water for at least 15 minutes, removing contact lenses if present
Skin Contact: Washing affected area with soap and water, removing contaminated clothing as quickly as possible
Inhalation: Moving the person to fresh air, checking for reliable breathing—oxygen or emergency support if symptoms persist
Ingestion: Rinsing mouth (if conscious), avoiding forced vomiting, and seeking medical attention for monitoring delayed effects
Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, or water spray can knock down vapors and flames; never use a direct stream of water since it risks splashing
Specific Hazards: Combustion can generate hydrogen bromide and other toxic fumes; risk for rescuers if approaching without adequate protection
Protective Equipment: Full face respirators, flame-resistant suits, and nitrile gloves required in any fire response involving this chemical
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and a fitted respirator shield from both vapors and splashes
Environmental Precautions: Any significant release threatens soil and aquatic environments, so containment with inert absorbent materials becomes the top priority
Cleanup Methods: Rolled absorbent material, careful transfer into sealable drums, and scrubbing residues with appropriate solvents
Safe Handling: Working in well-ventilated spaces, away from open flames or incompatible chemicals such as strong oxidizers
Storage Conditions: Keeping containers tightly sealed in a dry, cool, and shaded area, locked and clearly labeled away from food and animal feed
Precautionary Considerations: Routine inspections for leaks, corrosion, or vapor buildup
Engineering Controls: Laboratory-grade fume hoods, dedicated air exhaust, and leak-proof plumbing are favored in any place using this compound
Personal Protection: Nitrile gloves, splash-proof goggles, lab coats, and fitted respirators protect from both accidental contact and inhalation
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV for 1,2-dibromobenzene, but recognizing that comparable halogenated aromatics urge strict control of airborne concentrations
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow liquid, slight aromatic odor
Boiling Point: Approximately 225°C
Melting Point: -1°C
Vapor Pressure: Low volatility at ambient temperature
Density: About 1.98 g/cm³
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, ether, and other organic solvents
Chemical Stability: Remains stable under standard conditions but avoids contact with strong bases, strong oxidizers, and open flames
Decomposition Products: Burns or breaks down to release hydrogen bromide and possible carbon monoxide
Conditions to Avoid: Prolonged heat, sunlight, and storage near reactive chemicals
Acute Toxicity: Harmful or potentially fatal if ingested in large quantities or if vapor build-up exceeds safe limits
Routes of Exposure: Absorption through skin, inhalation, or accidental ingestion all carry risk
Noted Symptoms: Persistent coughing, skin redness, irritation of the eyes and throat, and headaches after repeated exposure
Chronic Risks: Repeated contact may impact liver or kidney function, drawing on studies of related aromatic bromides but with little human epidemiology
Aquatic Toxicity: High risk to aquatic organisms, especially fish and invertebrates
Persistence: Degradation in the environment takes time, as brominated contents resist bacteria and sunlight
Bioaccumulation: Risk of building up in wildlife tissue, with persistent bromines known for lingering in the food chain
Preferred Methods: Incinerating in chemical waste facilities with proper scrubbing for brominated fumes
Avoidance: Never pour down household or commercial drains, as municipal treatment plants do not break down such stable compounds
Observations: Following local and national rules for halogenated solvent disposal dramatically reduces risk of environmental release
Shipping Name: 1,2-Dibromobenzene
Hazard Class: Classified as a hazardous material under chemical transport rules for corrosiveness and ecological threat
Packaging: Leak-proof steel or HDPE drums, with UN labeling for dangerous goods in international transit
Precautionary Transport Notes: Dispatch with secondary containment, spill kits, and trained drivers to minimize mishaps on the road
Workplace Regulation: Handling governed by national chemical safety frameworks, including risk communication and training for workers
Environmental Lists: Not commonly banned, but often appears on monitoring lists due to aquatic and ecosystem toxicity
Global Standards: Recognized by REACH and similar agencies for monitoring, though not widely produced in consumer quantities
Prudent Advice: Treat every exposure and transport event as a possible spill, keeping safety at the core of every stage from lab to landfill
