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Chemical Name: 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Chemical Formula: C6H3Cl3
Synonyms: 1,2,4-TCB, unsymmetrical trichlorobenzene
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct, pungent odor
Common Uses: solvent for greases and resins, intermediate in manufacturing dyes and pesticides, specialty applications in the chemical industry
Acute Health Hazards: eye and skin irritant, respiratory tract irritation on inhalation, possible nausea or headache if inhaled in poorly ventilated spaces
Chronic Health Hazards: liver and kidney injury with significant or repeated exposure
NFPA Rating: health: 2, flammability: 2, reactivity: 0
Signs and Symptoms: burning sensation, coughing, dizziness, gastrointestinal upset
Chemical Identity: 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Purity: typically above 98% in technical grades
Impurities: may include traces of other chlorinated benzenes, but rarely above 1–2% for industrial batches
Inhalation: move outdoors, provide fresh air, seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin thoroughly with soap and water
Eye Contact: flush eyes gently with plenty of water, do not rub, and seek further attention if irritation continues
Ingestion: do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, observe for symptoms, and seek professional care
Suitable Extinguishing Media: foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide extinguishers
Hazardous Combustion Products: produces toxic and corrosive gases such as hydrogen chloride and phosgene under combustion
Precautions: firefighters need self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear due to risk of toxic fumes
Fire Characteristics: moderate fire hazard, vapors heavier than air and can travel along surfaces to ignition sources
Personal Precautions: provide ventilation, prevent skin and eye contact, avoid inhalation of vapors
Spill Cleanup Methods: contain spill with non-combustible absorbent like sand or earth, collect into suitable containers, prevent material entering drains or waterways
Environmental Precautions: strict measures to limit release, as the substance is toxic to aquatic life
Handling: only use in well-ventilated areas, limit exposure, wear appropriate protective equipment, keep containers tightly closed
Storage: cool, dry, ventilated location, away from incompatible agents such as strong oxidizers and acids, no open flames or ignition sources nearby
Transfer Precautions: ground and bond containers to prevent static discharge during transfer
Engineering Controls: local exhaust, process enclosure, eye wash stations, emergency showers in work area
Personal Protective Equipment: splash-proof goggles, chemical-resistant gloves (like nitrile), long-sleeved clothing, appropriate respirators if airborne concentrations could exceed limits
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA and ACGIH offer guideline values for similar chlorinated benzenes, so best to keep ambient air concentrations low, well under 5 ppm over eight hours
Physical State: oily liquid
Color: clear, pale yellow
Odor: pungent, medicinal, sweetish
Melting Point: 17°C
Boiling Point: 214°C
Solubility: poorly soluble in water, highly soluble in organic solvents
Density: about 1.45 g/cm³ at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: low (around 0.2 mm Hg at 25°C)
Flash Point: around 63–65°C
Chemical Stability: stable under normal storage and operating conditions
Incompatible Materials: strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, alkali metals
Decomposition Products: may give off toxic gases like hydrogen chloride, phosgene if heated strongly or burned
Hazardous Polymerization: does not occur under standard use
Acute Toxicity: moderate, oral LD50 in rats roughly 2000–3000 mg/kg
Inhalation Risk: short-term high vapor exposure can cause dizziness, headache, or irritation
Chronic Exposure: risk to liver and kidneys reported in prolonged exposures
Sensitization: rare, but possible skin irritation on repeated contact
Carcinogenicity: not classified by IARC as carcinogenic, but structurally related substances call for prudent limits
Environmental Fate: persistent, slow to biodegrade in soil and water
Bioaccumulation Potential: moderate, evidence of accumulation in aquatic organisms
Aquatic Toxicity: very toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates at low concentrations
Mobility in Soil: low, due to low water solubility, but risk of contamination stays where spills occur
Waste Disposal: treat as hazardous waste, send to licensed chemical incinerator or designated landfill facility meeting chemical waste criteria
Container Disposal: do not reuse empty drums, containers must be rinsed and handled according to local environmental agency rules
Precautionary Practices: prevent dumping into drain, watercourse, or soil
UN Number: assigned to chlorinated aromatic solvents, sample shipments require correct UN identification
Hazard Class: 6.1 for toxic substances
Packing Group: III (moderate hazard)
Transport Precautions: specialized sealed containers, labeling for toxic organic liquid, full documentation for chemical risk along supply route
TSCA Inventory: listed for permitted industrial use in the United States
OSHA: requires thorough hazard communication, risk management for workplace exposures
EPA Status: toxic under various federal water and waste codes, subject to special reporting for spills and releases
International Controls: flagged by international shipping and hazardous materials laws for transport and use
